48个国际音标表
英语国际音标共48个，其中20个元音，20个辅音，3个鼻音，2个半元音，3个似拼音 元音 长元音 /ɑ:/ /ɔ:/ / ɜ:/ /i:/ /U:/ 短元音 / ɪ / / e / / æ / /Λ/ / ə / / ʊ / / ɒ / 双元音 /eɪ/ /aɪ/ /ɔɪ/ /ɪə/ /eə/ /ʊə/ /əʊ/ /aʊ/ 辅音10对 清辅音 [p] [t] [k] [f] [s] [ϑ] [ʃ] [ts] [tr] [ tʃ ] 浊辅音 [b] [d] [g] [v] [z] [ð] [ʒ] [dz] [dr] [ dʒ ] 3个鼻音 [m] [n] [ŋ] 3个似拼音 [h] [r] [l] 2个半元音 [w] [j] 有声无气浊辅音，发音特点应掌握。 关于语音的几个概念: 音素: 音的最小单位,英语中有48个音素. 音节clothes的音标: 由元音和辅音构成的发音单位. 元音: 发音响亮,是乐音,口腔中气流不受阻碍,是音节的主要组成部分.英语中有20个元音. 辅音: 发音不响亮,是噪音,口腔中气流受到阻碍,不是音节的重要组成部分,英语中有28个 辅音. 开音节: 1)辅音+元音+辅音+不发音e ,这时元音发字母本身的音。如:kite cake name bike make take home plane shine 2)辅音+元音 如:he hi go no do be tree three hello 闭音节: 1)辅音+元音+辅音 :sit bed bad bag hot hop let mad map head 2)元音+辅音 如: it is of in on up out ant 1 元音: 1) [i:] 字母组合:ee ea e ie three tree green sheep meet beef see seek eat tea meat leave lead teacher team mean speak clean piece receive ceiling 2) [i]发音字母 i y e sit picture it is list six mix fix fit pig big build miss myth many twenty happy dictionary defect decide delicious 3) [æ] 发音字母 a bag hand and ant happy hat map mad bad black back glad flag shall man 58英语学习网 4) [e] 字母组合 ea e a head bread pleasure elephant electric remember sell shell lesson better bed desk hotel yes many any 5) [ε:] 字母组合ir ur ear er or girl shirt skirt thirty thirteen third bird turn burn murder nurse turtle Thursday burger learn earn earth heard term her nerd serve work worm work world 6) [ε] 字母组合 er or ou ar o a e u teacher leader remember player speaker farmer powder doctor actor mayor author tractor delicious gracious pleasure familiar collar dollar together tomorrow today shallop lesson Washington control around account ago elephant manta banana Canada Japan china men listen famulus Saturday 7) [a:] 字母组合 ar a car farm card arm garden fast class last glass plant aunt calm 8) [Λ] 发音字母 u o ou oo up supper lunch fun gun hunt cup bus come mother dose brother love above trouble rough flourish blood flood 9) [ɔ:]字母组合 al or au our ar small wall talk tall hall ball call walk short more lord horse for forty sport door floor store author caught autumn four mourn court bought warm quarrel quarter 10) [ɒ] 发音字母 o a hot lost lot fox box mop hop loss collar not want wash watch 11) [u:] 字母组合 oo o u food moon room gloom broom doom goose tooth shoe do two true truth blue full prude 12) [ʊ] 字母组合 oo ou u o look good foot book wood should could put full bull pull push woman wolf 13) [ei] 发音字母 a ay ea ai ey name cake late gate plane April play say may way great break rain paint plain they grey 14) [ai] 发音字母 i y bike fine find die nine light night high my try fly eye 15) [au] 字母组合 ou ow house out flour ground account count sound loud around mouse flower down now cow how town 16) [əʊ] 发音字母 o ow oa home cold go no phone host ghost know low below grow blow show flow boat coat goal 17) [ɔɪ] 字母组合oy oi boy toy joy oil soil voice choice 18) [ɪə] 字母组合 eer ear beer deer ear near here fierce idea 19) [eə] 字母组合ear air ere pear bear chair air fair there where care 20) [ʊə] 字母组合our ower tour 2 容易混淆的元音 [æ] [e] bad bed hand head man men land lend pan pen sad said [i：] [ei] real rail greet great mean main read raid [e] [ai] bet bite red write said side head hide [au] [ɔ:] house horse loud lord south sauce cloud clause now nor count corn [æ][Λ] fan fun tan tun san son tank tun 3辅音 1) [p]pen pear play pig pour pull push 2) [b]book big boot bike bread break 3) [t] tree two ten ton lent want 4) [d] door dull desk dad food land 5) [k] king kite key look cook book sky (k在s后浊化为g) (发间字母k) card cat cream correct climb come account accept (发音字母c) fox box oxygen x-ray (发音字母x) school schedule scheme (字母组合ch) 6) [g] girl good goal goat grade long language 7) [m] man make moon morning move come comb 8) [n] pen ten nine fine night noon moon clean 9) [ŋ] uncle bank English think thank junk sing king morning evening 10) [l] long land lend lord fly flag black world cold could goal soul 11) [r] read red right run room write 12) [f] five fly fine flag frog fog roof knife life wife cough laugh rough physic photo phone 13) [v] very evening even every voice vest of 14) [s] six sit student same seat kiss miss case scarf (发音字母s) license city cease cedar ceiling celebrate (发音字母c) piece juice science lance space ace (字母组合ce) 15) [z] zoo zebra zero zap close nose hose suppose pause those whose 16) [ϑ] think thank three thirty tooth mouth 17) [ð] that this those these though 18) [ʃ] sheep shoulder ship shoe she brush wash nation attention station social special sure 19) [v] pleasure 20) [h] hot hop home house horse how who 21) [w] when what where window wind wood 22) [j] yes year yell you your yolk yellow 23) [tʃ] child chicken china chair lunch ouch catch teach www.58en 24) [dʒ] age language cabbage vegetable stage bridge joy enjoy join July June junk 25) [tr] tree country try treat track trunk 26) [dr] dry dream drop drive drink 27) [ts] students boots boats goats nuts 28) [dz] goods woods moods hoods 4容易混淆的辅音 [v] [w] vest west vet wet vine wine very well [s] [ϑ] sink think mass math miss myth sort sought [z] [ð] close cloth breeze breathe [n] [ŋ] thin thing sin sing ran rang ban bang win wing 5字母，组合音节发音规律 1）a [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] late private grade bake grape nation station page active hand bank fan parent family glad flag accept about above formative machine cinema fast last glass class past father wash what watch want 2）e [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] appreciate extremely secret she me he letter left message generate pebble decide pretty previous result restore problem prosperous student confident active table late wife store lecture 3）i [ ] high price library ice cream wife size line fist pick chicken piano fiancé city unit 4）o [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] lode host cold note okay old home lose do who whose prove love some other mother honey company today tomorrow together control collect lost hot mock office soft honest 5）u [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] university refuse unique universe huge put push pull full bull but brush bucket duck bubble 58英语学习 support suggest 6）c [ ] [ ] country camp camera courage cable city ceiling celebrate cell cease 7）g [ ] [ ] [ ] girl grade glass glade bag flag village vegetable bridge gentleman gym long song sing morning evening 8) l [ ] listen learn language collect English gorilla world cold soil tall sell cool animal 9) n [ ] [ ] moon night noodle number uncle hungry angry young 10) r [ ] [ ] right read write grade progress card board door floor form north 11）y [ ] [ ] [ ] yellow year yell young yolk university country pretty happy dyke dying fly buy by my 12）ar [ ] [ ] [ ] farm card garden mark dollar warm quarrel quarter 13) ea [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] cease season breathe feature meat please bread breast breath meadow weather great break idea realize 14) ear [ ] [ ] learn earth earn heard hear near clear ear fear 15) er [ ] [ ] [ ] deserve serve her person teacher driver anger singer serious experience mysterious fierce 16） ere [ ] [ ] here mere fere sere there 17) ir [ ] [ ] shirt girl skirt admire desire 18) oo [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] room tool cool moon noon goof food good foot stood wood wool cook wood book blood flood door floor 19) or [ ] [ ] [ ] short form corn born for work world worm word worst tractor doctor actor sector senior senator 20) oor [ ] [ ] door floor moor poor boor 21) our [ ] [ ] hour tour flour bourn lour pour court four mourn 22) ou [ ] [ ] [ ] house mouth mouse sound found enough trouble touch delicious gracious prosperous 23) ow [ ] [ ] window meadow know show low now town how down cow 24) se [ ] [ ] nose suppose gose lose pose rose mouse house 25) th [ ] [ ] thank think thought cloth clothes that this then than 26) sion [ ] [ ] tension progression passion provision conclusion television 27) tion [ ] [ ](不常见) station nation translation attention question | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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