Unit 3
cigarette n. 香烟;纸烟
alcohol n. 酒;酒精
alcoholic adj. 酒精的
1. abuse n. & vt. 滥用;虐待
[典例]
1) We abuse land because we regard it as a commodity belonging to us”
我们滥用土地,因为我们把它当作属于自己的商品.
2) He greeted me with a stream of abuse, which made me feel sad.
他迎面对我一顿痛骂,这使我很难过.
[重点用法]
drug abuse滥用药品
child abuse虐待儿童
self-abuse 自责,自暴自弃
verbal abuse 污言碎语
△fitness n. 健康
△sexual adj. 性的;性别的
2. stress n. 压力;重音
vt. 加压力于;使紧张
(可指物体承受的外来压力,也可指人心理上,精神上所承受的压力,负担等)
pressure 在科学上,指单位面积上所受的压力,如血压,大气压
△stressful adj. 产生压力的;
紧张的
stressed adj. 焦虑不安的;心力交瘁的
under stress 在压力之下
under the stress of 在……的压力下
stress sth.或lay/place/put stress on sth. 强调某事物;给某物压力
stress the importance of 强调…的重要性
Too much work and stress does damage to your health.
过量的工作和压力会对你的健康有害。
In the word “mother” the stress is on the first syllable.
在“mother”这个单词中,重音在第一个音节上。
△obesity n. (过度)肥胖;
肥胖症
adolescent n. 青少年
adj. 青春期的
adolescence n. 青春期
3. ban vt. 禁止;取缔 (banned;banned;banning) n. 禁令;谴责
ban sth 取缔某物
ban sb from doing sth 禁止某人做某事
a ban on 有关…的禁令
I certainly think there should be a ban on tobacco advertising.
我确实认为应该禁止香烟广告.
Canada will ban smoking in all offices later this year.
加拿大将从今年晚些时候起在办公场所全面禁烟。
ban 用于ban sb. from (doing) sth.结构,表示官方正式地禁止危险的、危害公众的事物。
forbid 用于forbid sb.(from) doing sth.或 do sth.结构,表示清楚地,态度强硬地直接禁止某人做某事、命令某人不许做某事。
Prohibit [prə(ʊ)'hɪbɪt] 用于prohibit sb.from doing sth,表示以法律、法规、制度的形式禁止某事的发生和存在,违反禁令就要负法律责任。
4. due adj. 欠款的;预定的;到期的
due to 由于……;因……造成;归功于;应给予;应属于
Due to the foggy weather, the traffic moved very slowly.resolve动词变名词由于有雾,车辆行进缓慢。
Our happy childhood is due to our father’s hard work.
我们幸福的童年应归功于父亲的辛勤工作。
The failure is due to his carelessness.失败是由于他的粗心造成的。
be due to do sth 定于某时做某事
e.g. He is due to speak at the meeting tomorrow.
be due to sb 某人应得的
because of因为,由于,常用作状语;
on account of 比because of更正式,多用于书面语中;
owing to构成的短语作状语,既能指积极的原因,也可指消极的原因;
thanks to由于,多亏,常用于书面语,多表示正面的情况,有时也表示反面的情况;
as a result of由于;
in/as consequence of由于……的缘故,常用于书面语中;
in view of由于;鉴于(书面语)。
therefore 副词, “因此”
so并列连词, “因此”
The great success of this programme has been largely _________the support given by the 10 local business men.
A. instead of B. thanks to C. due to D. as a consequence
5. tough adj. 困难的;强硬的
be /get tough with sb 对某人严厉
be tough on sb 严厉对待某人
They are verry tough on drunk drivers.
6. addicted adj. 入了迷的;上了瘾的
addicted to 对……有瘾
be addicted to对……上瘾;入迷;沉溺于(其中to为介词)
be addicted to sth./doing sth.=addict oneself to sth./doing sth.
沉溺于某种嗜好;醉心于某种活动
Schoolboys are easier to be addicted than schoolgirls to net.男生比女生更容易上网成瘾。
He was addicted to cocaine.他吸上瘾。
He was addicted to gambling.他赌博成瘾。
Although she is only 17 years old, she ________drugs for two years.
A. addicts B. has addicted to C. has addicted D. has been addicted to
addict vt. 使……成瘾
addict n. \[C\] 入迷的人;有瘾的人
addictive adj. 使成瘾的;上瘾的
addiction n. 沉溺;成瘾;上瘾;入迷
△nicotine n. 尼古丁
7. accustom vt. 使习惯于
accustomed adj. 惯常的;
习惯了的
accustomed to 习惯于……
accustom oneself to=be accustomed to (其中to为介词)习惯于……
be/get used to doing
adapt oneself to doing
adjust oneself to doing
These people accustomed themselves to hard work.这些人习惯于艰苦的工作。
I am not accustomed to being interrupted.我不习惯被别人打扰。
He is accustomed to loneliness.他对孤独已经习以为常。
1 他的妈妈习惯于早起。 His mother _________________________ getting up early.
2 你会很快适应这里的气候。 You will soon ___________________ the climate here.
注意:
在英语中, to有时为动词不定式符号, 后跟动词原形; 有时用作介词, 后跟名词、代词、或动名词。下面的这些短语中的to 均为介词。(写出汉语意思)
stick to 坚持 lead to 导致, 通向 pay a visit to 参观 sentence sb. to 宣判某人 come to 谈到, 涉及 see to 处理,负责 be up to 总计 devote?to 致力于
get down to 开始 /着手 be opposed to / object to 反对 be devoted to 致力于,献身于
be exposed to _________ look forward to ___________pay attention to ________
contribute to ______ turn to ________ when it comes to ____________
withdrawal n. 收回;撤退;戒毒
(或脱瘾)过程
△bad-tempered adj. 脾气暴躁的;易怒的
automatic adj. 无意识的;自动的
automatically adv. 无意识地;
自动地
mental adj. 精神的;智力的
mentally adv. 精神上;智力上
8. quit vt. 停止(做某事);离开
过去式和过去分词均为quit,现在分词为quitting, 接动词-ing形式, “停止做”
quit something 离开……
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