专业英语四级（听力）模拟试卷277 (题后含答案及解析)
题型有：1. DICTATION 2. LISTENING COMPREHENSION
PART I    DICTATIONDirections: Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work.
       
1．
正确答案：    Travel Books    There are three kinds of travel books. / The first are those that give a personal, subjective account of travels / which the author has actually made himself. / If these books are informative and have a good index, / they can be very useful to you / when
you are planning your travels. / The second can be classified as selective guidebooks / whose purpose is to give a purely objective description of things to be done and seen. / The third are those books which are called “a guide” to some place or other. / They will give an analysis or an interpretation. /      涉及知识点：听力
PART II    LISTENING COMPREHENSION
SECTION A    TALKIn this section you will hear a talk. You will hear the talk ONCE ONLY. While listening, you may look at ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word (s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.
听力原文：Closeness and Personal Space    Good morning, everyone. Today, we’ll talk about closeness and personal space. Every culture has different levels of physical closeness appropriate to different types of relationship, and individuals learn these distances from the society in which they grew up. When someone violates an appropriate d
istance, people may feel uncomfortable or defensive. Their actions may well be open to misinterpretation.    In Western society, four distances have been defined according to the relationship between the people involved. They are intimate distance, personal distance, social distance, and public distance. These four distances are associated with the four main types of relationship—intimate, personal, social and public.    Now we’ll talk about the four personal distances one by one.    First, we’ll begin with intimate distance. [1]Intimate distance ranges from close contact, such as touching, to 45cm. In British society, it tends to be seen as [21an inappropriate distance for public behaviour and entering the intimate space of another person with whom you do not have a close relationship [3]can be extremely disturbing.    Next, let’s look at the second type of distance, personal distance, which ranges from 45cm to 1.2m. The far phase of personal distance is considered to be [4]the most appropriate for people holding a conversation. At this distance [5]it is easy to see the other person’s expressions and eye movements, as well as their overall body language. Handshaking can occur within the bounds of personal distance.    OK, let’s move onto the third type of personal distance, social distance, which covers the range from 1.2m
to 3.6m. [6]This is the normal distance for impersonal business, for example working together in the same room or [7]during social gatherings. Seating is also important; communication is far more likely to be considered as a formal relationship if the interaction is carried out across a desk. In addition, if the seating arrangements are such that one person appears to look down on another, an effect of domination may be created. At a social distance, [8]speech needs to be louder and eye contact remains essential to communication, otherwise feedback will be reduced and the interaction may end.Finally, the last type of personal distance is public distance, which ranges from 3.7m to 4.5m. [9]Teachers and public speakers address groups at a public distance. At such distances exaggerated non-verbal communication is necessary for communication to be effective. Subtle facial expressions are lost at this distance, [10]so clear hand gestures are often used as a substitute. Larger head movements are also typical of an experienced public speaker who is aware of changes in the way body language is perceived at longer distances.OK, today we’ve taken a brief look at the four personal distances associated with four main types of relationship. It is worth noting that these distances are considered the no
rm in Western society. Understanding these distances allows us to approach others in non-threatening and appropriate ways. We can understand how others feel about us, how they view the relationship and, if appropriate, adjust our behaviour accordingly.
Closeness and Personal Space1. Intimate distanceRange:【T1】to 45cm【T1】______Inappropriate distance for【T2】【T2】______For people who aren’t intimate: extremely【T3】【T3】______2. Personal distanceRange: 45cm to 1.2mMost appropriate for【T4】【T4】______Easy to see: expressions, eye movements,【T5】【T5】______3. Social distanceRange: 1.2m to 3.6mNormal distance for【T6】【T6】______working together in the same roomduring【T7】【T7】______Essential to communication: louder speech and【T8】【T8】______4. Public distanceRange: 3.7m to 4.5mDistance for teaching and【T9】【T9】______Exaggerated non-verbal communication is necessary【T10】【T10】______larger head movements
 
2． 【T1】
正确答案：close contact
解析：本题考查对细节的捕捉。录音提到，亲密距离的范围是从close contact(密切接触)到45厘米的距离范围内。故本题填入close contact。 知识模块：听力
3． 【T2】
正确答案：public behaviour
解析：本题考查对例子的理解。录音提到，在英国，亲密距离被看作是公共行为(public behaviour)的不恰当的距离。故本题填入public behaviour。 知识模块：听力
4． 【T3】
正确答案：disturbing
解析：本题考查对文意的理解及细节的捕捉。录音提到，对于没有亲密关系的人们，进入对方的亲密距离会令人极其不安(extremely disturbing)。故本题填入disturbing。 知识模块：听力
5． 【T4】
正确答案：holding a conversation／holding conversations／conversations
解析：本题考查对细节的捕捉。录音提到，个人距离(personal distance)最适合人们交谈(holding a conversation)。故本题填入holding a conversation或holding conversations或conversations皆可。 知识模块：听力
6． 【T5】
正确答案：overall body language
解析：本题考查对细节的捕捉。录音提到，这个距离很容易看清楚对方的表情(expressions)，眼睛的动作(eye movements)，以及整体的身体语言(overall body language)。故本题填入overall body language。 知识模块：听力
7． 【T6】
正确答案：impersonal business
解析：本题考查对细节的捕捉。录音提到，这种社交距离(social distance)适合非个人业务(impersonal business)。故本题填入impersonal business。 知识模块：听力
8． 【T7】
正确答案：social gatherings
解析：本题考查对例子的理解，要求填入社交距离内适合行为的具体事例。录音提到，两个具体的场景，即在同一个房间内办公(working together in the same room)，或者在社交聚会时(during social gatherings)。故本题填入social gatherings。 知识模块：听力
9． 【T8】
正确答案：eye contact
解析：本题考查对信息的理解和细节的捕捉，要求填入在社交距离内，沟通的重要因素。录音提到，讲话响亮(speech needs to be louder)和目光接触(eye contact)对沟通仍然很重要。故本题填入eye contact。 知识模块：听力
10． 【T9】
正确答案：public speaking／public speeches
unions专四听力原文解析：本题考查对信息的理解和细节的捕捉。录音提到，公众距离适合教师和公众演讲者(public speakers)发表演说。根据提纲teaching的限定，本题需要填入表示行为举止的词，因此应填入public speaking或者public speeches。 知识模块：听力
11． 【T10】
正确答案：clear hand gestures
解析：本题考查对信息的理解和细节的捕捉。录音提到，细微的面部表情(subtle facial expressions)在这个公众距离内失效了，所以明确的手势(clear hand gestures)通常作为细微面部表情的替代品(substitute)。故本题填入clear hand gestures。 知识模块：听力
SECTION B    CONVERSATIONSIn this section you will hear two conversations. At the end of each conversation , five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversa
tion and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of [A], [B], [C] and [D], and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.You have thirty seconds to preview the questions.

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