一、 虚拟语气的常见类型和句型
条件从句 | 结果主句 | |
与现在事实 相反 | If +主语+past tense, were | 主语 + would/ should/ could/ might do |
与过去事实 相反 | If +主语+had doneresolve的名词形式 | 主语 + would/ should/ could/ might have done |
与将来事实 可能相反 | If +主语+did/ should do(不可用would)/ were to do | 主语 + would/ should/ could/ might do |
● 与现在事实相反
If I were you, I would ask our teacher for advice.
If the room were larger, we would hold the party there.
● 与过去事实相反
If I hadn’t taken the wrong bus, I wouldn’t have missed the film.
● 与将来事实可能相反
If I had enough money next month, I would buy a new
English dictionary.
English dictionary.
If I should be given more time, I would revise my essay and have it typed.
If he were to leave today, he would get there by Friday.
● 省略 if 的倒装条件句：
从句中出现 were, had, should时，可省略if,把were, had, should 提到主语前。
1. Were we to do the work again, we would do some other way.
2. Should there be any trouble with the computer, I would turn to my friend for help.
3. Had it not been for your help, we would not have achieved so much.
（1）由wish引起的表示愿望的虚拟语气
79. Mary wishes that she _____ law instead of history when she was in college.
A. had studied
B. has studied
C. studies
D. studied
A．用wish表示对现在的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：过去式（be动词用were）。
B．用wish表示对将来的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：would, could, might+ 动词原形。
C．wish用于对过去的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望时，宾语从句中的谓语动词形式为：had+动词过去分词或could, would + have +动词过去分词。
The picture exhibition bored me to death; I wish I had not gone to it.
---“I let Joe borrow our radio for the afternoon.”
-
A. had studied
B. has studied
C. studies
D. studied
A．用wish表示对现在的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：过去式（be动词用were）。
B．用wish表示对将来的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：would, could, might+ 动词原形。
C．wish用于对过去的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望时，宾语从句中的谓语动词形式为：had+动词过去分词或could, would + have +动词过去分词。
The picture exhibition bored me to death; I wish I had not gone to it.
---“I let Joe borrow our radio for the afternoon.”
-
--“That’s all right, but I wish he would buy one of his own.”
I wish that he weren’t so lazy.
I wish that he weren’t so lazy.
22. I wish I _____with her.
A. would be B. am C. was D. were_
A. would be B. am C. was D. were_
27. I hadn’t expected James to apologize but I had hoped ___.
A. him calling me B. that he would call me_ C. him to call me D. that he call me
(2)had hoped引起的宾语从句中备用语动词形式为would+动词原形，表示一种过去未实现的愿望或令人失望的事。
His father had hoped that his son would go to business with him, but his son became an artist later.
A. him calling me B. that he would call me_ C. him to call me D. that he call me
(2)had hoped引起的宾语从句中备用语动词形式为would+动词原形，表示一种过去未实现的愿望或令人失望的事。
His father had hoped that his son would go to business with him, but his son became an artist later.
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