aim,purpose,goal
aim: [ eim ] 
n. 目标,对准
v. 对准目标,打算
词形变化:
动词过去式:aimed 过去分词:aimed 现在分词:aiming 第三人称单数:aims
 
例句与用法:
1. He aims to be a successful writer. 
他的目标是成为一个成功的作家。
2. What is your aim in life? 
你的生活目标是什么？
3. My remarks were not aimed at you. 
我的话不是针对你的。
4. I aimed at the target but hit the wall. 
我瞄准了目标射击，但却打在了墙上。
英英解释:
名词aim:
1. an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions
同义词：purpose, intent, intention, design
2. the goal intended to be attained (and which is believed to be attainable)
同义词：object, objective, target
3. the action of directing something at an object
4. the direction or path along which something moves or along which it lies
同义词：bearing, heading
动词aim:
1. aim or direct at; as of blows, weapons, or objects such as photographic equipment
同义词：take, train, take aim, direct
2. propose or intend
同义词：purpose, purport, propose
3. move into a desired direction of discourse
同义词：drive, get
4. specifically design a product, event, or activity for a certain public
同义词：calculate, direct
5. intend (something) to move towards a certain goal
同义词：target, place, direct, point
6. direct (a remark) toward an intended goal
7. have an ambitious plan or a lofty goal
同义词：draw a bead on, aspire, shoot for
goal: [ gəul ] 
n. 目标,终点
n.球门;得分
例句与用法:
1. You'd better set a goal before you start the drill. 
练习开始前，你最好设定一个目标。
2. He has achieved his goal. 
他已经实现了他的目标。
3. That last goal was a beauty. 
最后进去的那个球真漂亮。
4. If we lose sight of the goal, we cease to be Communists. 
如果忘记了这个目标，我们就不再是共产党员了。
5. It's in we've got a goal! 
球进了－－我们射门得分！
6. He kicked a penalty goal in the football match. 
在这场足球赛中，他主罚，踢进了一个球。
7. That's the twentieth goal he's kicked this season. 
这是他本赛季踢进的第二十个球.
英英解释:
名词goal:
1. the state of affairs that a plan is intended to achieve and that (when achieved) terminates behavior intended to achieve it
同义词：end
2. a successful attempt at scoring
3. game equipment consisting of the place toward which players of a game try to advance a ball or puck in order to score points
4. the place designated as the end (as of a race or journey)
同义词：finish, destination
purpose: [ 'pə:pəs ] 
n. 目的,意图
词形变化:
动词过去式:purposed 过去分词:purposed 现在分词:purposing 第三人称单数:purposes
 
例句与用法:
1. Did you come to London for the purpose of seeing your family, or for business purposes? 
你到伦敦来的目的是为了要看望家人还是为了公事？
2. She seems to do these things on purpose. 
她似乎是有意地做这些事。
3. He purposed to visit South America. 
他计划去南美。
英英解释:
名词purpose:
1. an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions
同义词：intent, intention, aim, design
2. what something is used for
同义词：function, role, use
3. the quality of being determined to do or achieve something
同义词：determination
动词purpose:
1. propose or intend
同义词：aim, purport, propose
2. reach a decision
同义词：resolve
aim：借可以作为名词也可以作为动词
作为名词理解有两个意思
1. 瞄准，对准
2. 目的，意图，同purpose，intention
resolve to do sth
goal：object of one's effort,target
the result or achivement toward which effort is directed
努力的对象，目标,经过努力所达到的结果

purpose：1. thing that one intends to do,get
目的，意图（主观彩较浓，强调一种人的主观意志）
2. 意志，决心，毅力

objective：目标，目的。
同 purpose

基本上就是这些吧，
其实，有些时候要区别这些词意的微小差别是比较困难的
只有在看那些英文释义是才能够明白
但自己也说不出来
我觉得站长大可不必拘泥于这些琐碎的细节
只要把字句的主题把握住就可以了
实在不行的话可以意译吗
自己就遇到过不少需要意译的情况
比如说，记得有这么一句：

Straitford's briefs don'tsound like the usual Washinton back-and-forthing,wherebyagencies avoid dramatic declarations on the chance they might be wrong.
如果要翻译出来的话，这样子就好了：

Straitford公司的简报不同于华盛顿日常来往的公文，
在各部门出言谨慎，尽量避免激烈的措辞.
附录intention， intent， purpose， goal， end， aim， object， objective
intention， intent， purpose， goal， end， aim， object， objective
These nouns refer to what one intends to do or achieve.
这些名词都指人想要做或达到的东西。
Intention  simply signifies a course of action that one proposes to follow:
Intention  只指某人想要追随的行动方向：
It is not my intention to argue with you.
我不是想和你争论。
Intent  more strongly implies deliberateness:
Intent  有更强的故意的含义：
The executor tried to comply with the intent of the testator.
执行人尽量遵照立遗嘱之人的意图。
Purpose  strengthens the idea of resolution or determination:
Purpose  强调决心或决定的想法：
“His purpose was to discover how long these guests intended to stay” (Joseph Conrad).
“他想要知道这些客人打算呆多长时间” （约瑟夫·康罗伊）
Goal  may suggest an idealistic or even a remote purpose:
Goal  可指理想的或甚至遥远的目标：
“Black Power . . . is a call for black people to begin to define their own goals” (Stokely Carmichael and Charles V. Hamilton).

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