形容词和副词的比较级和最高级 (八年级上 unit 6)
一、构成:
1、直接加-er,-est:long — longer — longest
short — shorter — shortest
2、以不发音的e结尾,加-r,-st: late — later — latest
fine — finer — finest
3、辅音+y,y-i ,再加-er,-est: heavy — heavier — heaviest
happy — happier — happiest
healthy — healthier — healthiest
4、重读闭音节,末尾只有一个辅音字母先双写再加-er,-est,常见的(大红、胖瘦、湿热)
red — redder— reddest big — bigger — biggest
wet — wetter — wettest hot — hotter — hottest
fat — fatter — fattest thin — thinner — thinnest
5、部分双音节和多音节形容词须在前面加more-,most-:
(再如:delicions , exciting ,useful , popular , difficult等。)
6、特殊变化形式: good/well — better — best(好)
bad/badly — worse — worst(坏)
many/much — more —most(多)
litter — less — least(少)
— farther — farthest
远 far
— further — furthest
— older — oldest
老、旧 old
— elder — eldest
eg:My eldest sister / brother. My younger sister / brother.
注:1、分词构成的形容词加more- ,most- (如interesting tired)
2、以形容词 + ly 构成的副词加more- ,most- (如quickly,easily,happily,luckyly)
3、易出错的几个词:
early — earlier — earliest
易混
easily — more easily — most easily
badly — worse — worst (√)
badly — more badly — most badly (×)
friendly — more friendly — most friendly
均可
friendly — friendlier — friendliest (是形容词,不是副词。)
二、基本用法
1、比较级:用于两者之间进行比较(两者并不是指两个,有时是两部分。)
相关句型:
A超过B:A + 动词 + 比较级 + than + B
A等于B:A + 动词 + as + 原级 + as + B
A + 动词否定形式 + as / so + 原级 + as +B
A不及B:
形容词反义词的比较级
A+ 动词 + + than + B
less + 原级(多音节词)
例:① I’m not as tall as he = I’m shorter than he.
② Chinese isn’t so interesting than English.
Chinese is less interesting than English. Chinese is
English is more interesting than Chinese.
2、最高级:适用范围是三者或三者以上。 of
句型:主语 + 动词 + the + 最高级 +(名词)+
( 副词最高级前可不用the) in
of:表示主语和后面的比较范围属于同类。
in:表示主语和后面的比较范围不属于同类。
eg:Tom is the tallest of all .(the boys)
Tom is the tallest in my class.
三、特殊用法:
1、比较级 + and + 比较级 :越来越……
He is fatter and fatter .
She is more and more beautiful .(不是more beautiful and more beautiful)
2、the + 比较级 ,the + 比较级:越……就越……
The more ,the better:越多越好
The busier he is the happier he feels. 他越忙就感到越高兴。
The harder you study ,the more you know.
3、the + 比较级 + of the two + 名词复数:两者中较……一个
He is the taller of the two students.
Which is country ,China or Japan?
A、large B、larger C、the larger D、largest
4、one of + 形容词的最高级 +复数名词:其中最……之一
Super star is one of the most popular songs.
This clock is one of the oldest clocks.
5、the + 序数词 + 形容词的最高级 + 单数名词:第几(大、长、宽、高……)
The Changjiang River is the longest river in China.
这里不用first,最高级已经表示它是最长的了。
The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.
四、修饰比较级的词:
1、表程度的词:much、a lot、a little、a bit、even、still等
…得多 一点 更;还
① It’s much / a little colder today.
② Tigers are much more dangerous than dogs.
(more修饰可数名词时,前用many修饰,more修饰不可数名词时,前用much。)
③ He’s fat ,but his brother is still fatter.
many more friends than Li Lei.
She has
much more fruit.
2、表数量的词:two years 、a head 、three meters 、two hours 等。
a、He is (two years)younger / older than you.
b、I am (a head)taller than she.
或two centimeters (2cm)
c、The meeting lasted two hours longer than usual.
3、表倍数、分数的词:once、twice、three times 、3/4 、30%等。
一倍 两倍 三倍
My bike is twice cheaper than yours.
五、用法六忌:
1、比较级中than后面的人称代词在非正式之中可用主格或宾格,但当than后面的人称代词与动词连用时,只能用主格形式。
He is younger than I/me.
He is younger than I am.
但有时主格和宾格有显然区别。
He likes the dog better than me.
He likes the dog better than I do.
2、many、few及其比较级只能做宾语,不能做表语。
less is more代言人 Li Tang’s books are more / fewer than Jim’s. (×)
Li Tang has more / fewer books than Jim. (√)
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