less is more 翻译考研英语（翻译）模拟试卷112 (题后含答案及解析)
  全部题型    2. Reading Comprehension
Section II    Reading Comprehension
Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. (10 points)
    It is a cherished Brussels maxim that the European Union takes its greatest leaps forwards in a crisis— and then only after several false starts.【F1】Thus for Euro-optimists, the fact that it has taken EU leaders nearly three months to deliver a promised rescue package for Greece is less important than the fact that on May 2nd the block finally leapt, setting in motion the biggest sovereign bail out plan in EU history.    Meeting in Brussels, finance ministers from the 16 countries that use the single currency accepted the need to stump up more than ￠110 billion ($146 billion) over the next three years. In effect, the rescue funds will replace commercial borrowing from the financial markets between now and 2012.【F2】
The hope is that will buy Greece time to bring its deficit under control through savage cuts in public spending: Greece has agreed to austerity measures worth 13% of national income over the next four years.    So is this a big leap forward: the start of an economic union willing to transfer vast sums from rich regions to ropier members of the club, in the interests of all? For the moment, scepticism is in order.    The pattern of the past three months has been a series of gambles by EU leaders.【F3】Their bet, each time, has been that a fierce enough political declaration will intimidate markets into backing away from a weak member of the club. This latest announcement looks different but it is not: it is just the biggest and fiercest declaration yet that markets should leave the eurozone alone.    There is more political will to defend the eurozone than there was three months ago. But there is not a trillion euros worth of political will out there.【F4】That is mostly because this is such a dynamic crisis: EU political will to act has deepened and strengthened over the past three months, and continues to do so. But the strengthening of EU political will has not kept pace with the worsening of the crisis.    All that means this does not (yet) look like a great leap forwards.【F5】Noting that Greece is going to have to make deep and painful cuts to publi
c sector pay and benefits while raising taxes sharply, Mrs. Merkel, the German chancellor, said those harsh terms would deter other euro zone countries from getting into similar pickles. Other heavily indebted governments would “see that Greece’s path, with the IMF’s strict terms, is not easy, so they will do everything to avoid that for themselves.”
 
1． 【F1】
正确答案：所以，对于欧盟乐观主义者，欧盟领导人经过了近3个月终于同意向希腊提供一个救助计划的这一事实与5月2号终于行动起来开始欧盟历史上最大的救助计划相比，没那么重要。
解析：    本文共六段。第一、二段讲欧盟领导人同意向希腊提供一个救助计划，希腊有望控制财政赤字。第三段是过渡段，引出下文对“这是一个巨大飞跃”的怀疑。第四、五段进一步阐述，并指出现在有更多的政治意愿来保护欧元区。最后一段进行总结，明确“这看起来并不像一次大飞跃”，并说明希腊的前景并不乐观，并希望其他一些严重负债的政府避免类似情况。
知识模块：翻译
2． 【F2】
正确答案：希望那将为希腊赢得时间通过削减公众开销能够控制财政赤字：希腊已同意在未来4年实施相当于国民收入13％的财政紧缩措施。      涉及知识点：翻译
3． 【F3】
正确答案：他们每次的赌注是：凭借一个相当激烈的政治宣言，就可以恐吓市场不要打欧盟中虚弱成员的主意。      涉及知识点：翻译
4． 【F4】
正确答案：主要原因在于这是一场动态危机：欧盟行动的政治意愿在过去的三个月中已经得到加深和强化，并且这种趋势还在一直持续下去。      涉及知识点：翻译
5． 【F5】
正确答案：注意到希腊在大幅度增加税收的同时却将不得不大力削减公共部门的薪水和津贴，德国总理默克尔夫人说，这种苛刻的条件将会阻止其他欧元区国家陷入同样的困境。      涉及知识点：翻译
Picture-taking is a technique both for reflecting the objective world and for expressing the singular self. Photographs depict objective realities that already exist, though only the camera can disclose them. And they depict an individual photographer’s temperament, discovering itself through the camera’s cropping of reality.【F1】That is, photography has two directly opposite ideals: in the first, photography is about the world and the photographer is a mere observer who counts for little; but in the second, photography is the instrument of fearlessness, questing subjectivity and the photographer is all.【F2】These conflicting ideals arise from uneasiness on the part of both photographers and viewers of photographs toward the aggressive component in “taking” a picture. Accordingly, the ideal of a photographer as observer is attracting because it implicitly denies that picture-taking is
an aggressive act. The issue, of course, is not so clear-cut. What photographers do cannot be characterized as simply predatory or as simply, and essentially, benevolent. As a consequence, one ideal of picture-taking or the other is always being rediscovered and championed.An important result of the coexistence of these two ideals is a recurrent ambivalence toward photography’ s means.【F3】Whatever are the claims that photography might make to be a form of personal expression just like painting, its originality is closely linked to the power of a machine. The steady growth of these powers has made possible the extraordinary informativeness and imaginative formal beauty of many photographs, like Harold Edgerton’s high-speed photographs of a bullet hitting its target or of the swirls and eddies of a tennis stroke.【F4】But as cameras become more sophisticated, more automated, some photographers are tempted to disarm themselves or to suggest that they are not really armed, preferring to submit themselves to the limit imposed by pre-modern camera technology because a cruder, less high-powered machine is thought to give more interesting or emotive results, to leave more room for creative accident. For example, it has been virtually a point of honor for many photographers, includ
ing Walker Evans and Cartier Bresson, to refuse to use modern equipment. These photographers have come to doubt the value of the camera as an instrument of “fast seeing”. Cartier Bresson, in fact, claims that the modern camera may see too fast.This ambivalence toward photographic means determines trends in taste. The cult of the future(of faster and faster seeing)alternates over time with the wish to return to a purer past when images had a handmade quality.【F5】This longing for some primitive state of the photographic enterprise is currently widespread and underlies the present-day enthusiasm for daguerreotypes and the work of forgotten nineteenth-century provincial photographers. Photographers and viewers of photographs, it seems, need periodically to resist their own knowingness.
 
6． 【F1】
正确答案：那就是说，摄影包含两个直接对立的观念：第一，摄影是反映世界的，摄影者只
不过是一个无足轻重的观察者：但是，第二，摄影是探索主观性的无畏工具，摄影者决定一切。
解析：    本文主要讲了摄影包含的对立观念以及由此带来的影响。第一段：摄影包含两个直接对立的观念。第二段：关于照相的观念总是被重新发现。第三段：两种观念共存经常导致对待摄影手段的矛盾心理。第四段：对待摄影手段的矛盾心理决定审美的趋向。 知识模块：翻译
7． 【F2】
正确答案：这两个相互冲突的观念源自摄影者和摄影鉴赏者对“照”相过程中的闯劲所表现出来的不安心情。        涉及知识点：翻译
8． 【F3】
正确答案：不论摄影可能成为一种同绘画一样的个性表现的论断正确与否，摄影的独创性总是同照相机的机械能力密切相连的。        涉及知识点：翻译
9． 【F4】
正确答案：但是当照相机变得越来越高级，越来越自动化时，有些摄影者很不想用这种照相机，或者暗示实际上不用这种照相机，而宁愿用现代化以前的照相技术。因为粗制的、较差的照相机械被认为能得到更有趣、更动人的效果，给创造活动留有更大的余地。        涉及知识点：翻译
10． 【F5】
正确答案：这种对某些早期摄影业的怀旧情绪目前正广泛流行。这就是目前热衷于银板照相法和被遗忘的19世纪地方摄影师的作品的原因。        涉及知识点：翻译
【F1】It is no longer just dirty blue-collar jobs in manufacturing; that are being sucked offshore but also white-collar service jobs, which used to be considered safe from foreign competition. Telecoms charges have tumbled, allowing workers in far-flung locations to be connected cheaply to customers in the developed world. This has made it possible to offshore services that were once non-tradable. Morgan Stanley’s Mr. Roach has been draw
ing attention to the fact that the “global labor arbitrage” is moving rapidly to the better kinds of jobs.【F2】It is no longer just basic data processing and call centers that are being outsourced to low-wage countries, but also software programming, medical diagnostics, engineering design, law, accounting, finance and business consulting. These can now be delivered electronically from anywhere in the world, exposing skilled white-collar workers to greater competition.The standard retort to such arguments is that outsourcing abroad is too small to matter much. So far fewer than 1 million American service-sector jobs have been lost to off-shoring. Forrester Research forecasts that by 2015 a total of 3.4 million jobs in services will have moved abroad, but that is tiny compared with the 30 million jobs destroyed and created in America every year.【F3】The trouble is that such studies allow only for the sorts of jobs that are already being off-shored, when in reality the proportion of jobs that can be moved will rise as IT advances and education improves in emerging economies.Mr. Blinder says: “education offers no protection.【F4】Highly skilled accountants, radiologists or computer programmers now have to compete with electronically delivered competition from abroad, whereas humble taxi drivers, janitors and
crane operators remain safe from off-shoring. This may help to explain why the real median wage of American graduates hat fallen by 6% since 2000, a bigger decline than in average wages.”In the 1980s and early 1990s, the pay gap between low-paid, low-skilled workers and high-paid, high-skilled workers widened significantly. But since then, according to a study by David Autor, Lawrence Katz and Melissa Kearney, in America, Britain and Germany workers at the bottom as well as at the top have done better than those in the middle-income group. Office cleaning cannot be done by workers in India. It is the easily standardized skilled jobs in the middle, such as accounting, that are now being squeezed hardest.【F5】A study confirms that workers in tradable services that are exposed to foreign competition tend to be more skilled than workers in non-tradable services and tradable manufacturing industries.

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