Unit1 Why we work ?
Lawyers practice a difficult and demanding profession. They expect to be well compensated.
律师们从事的是一项要求很高又费神的职业。他们期待优厚的报酬。
In thinking about what that means, it can help to consider the basic question, “why do we work ?
在思考这句话的含义时，考虑一下这个基本问题会对我们有所帮助：“我们为什么工作？”
Samuel Johnso n supplied an obvious answer when he famously observed , ” No man but a blockhead ever wrote, expect for money.”
塞缪尔·约翰逊在他的著名论断“除了笨蛋没有人会写作，除非为了钱。”中显然给出了答案。
But I am not being paid to write this artcle , and instead of labeling myself a blockhead, let me refer to the insight of eminent psychologist Theodor Reik:”Work and love-these are the basics. Without them there is neurosis.”
但我写这篇文章时并没有人付我钱，而且我非但不会把自己当作傻瓜，还想引用一下著名的心理学家西奥多·赖克的深刻见解：“工作和爱——这是基本需求。没有这两样，人就会得神经官能症。
Why do we work ? For money, but also for sanity.
我们为什么工作？为钱，也为有明智的头脑。
We expect and need to be compensated in nonmonetary ways. Noneconomic compensation matters to
top-flight lawyers-otherwise, they would have long ago fled to investment banks.
我们期盼并且需要以非货币的方式获得回报，非经济报酬对一流的律师们来说很重要——要不然，他们早就跑到投资银行去了。
Law firms that want to recruit and retain the best (and the sanest ) must compensate not only in dollars but also in psychic gratification.
律师事务所如果招募并挽留住最好（也是最有头脑的）律师的话，就必须不仅仅以美元的方式，而且还要以精神的方式支付报酬。
Accordingly, managers of elite firms need to think consciously about what lawyers are looking for beyond money. Here are some key noneconomic elements of compensation.
相应地，一流律师事务所的经理们需要认真地考虑，除了钱律师们还在寻什么。以下是非经济报酬的一些关键因素。
Professional identity (职业认同感)
Many lawyers define themselves with reference to the privileges and attributes of their profession.
许多律师从行业的特权和性质来诠释他们自己
When firms recognize professional prerogatives, they provide an important form of compensation.
当律师事务所认可了他们的职业特权时，便提供了一种重要的补偿方式。
For example, lawyers pride themselves on belonging to a learned profession.
例如，律师们以属于一个学识渊博的行业而引以为豪。
By providing opportunities for continued intellectual growth, law firms can simultaneously provide a for
m of compensation and reinforce a core value of the profession.
通过提供进一步增长知识的机会，律师事务所能够在提供一种回报方式的同时加强行业的核心价值。This isn’t hard to do. Organize and host seminars with leading scholars, support scholarship in-house with resources such as research assistance and create venues for lawyers to engage in serious discourse.
做到这一点并不难，组织并主办由最好的学者主讲的研讨班，利用诸如研究援助等资源提供内部奖学金，
并为律师们提供进行严肃讨论的场所。
Another core professional value is autonomy.
另一个核心行业价值是自主性。
A law firm pays psychic compensation when it understands and accepts that in matters of professional
judgment，lawyers are their own masters.
当一个律师事务所理解并接受了在职业性判断这样的事情上律师们是自己的主人，它就是在支付精神报酬。
In this regard，firms should encourage a diversity of approaches，letting each lawyer develop his or her own style of practice.
从这个意义上说，律师事务所应该鼓励以多样化的方式让每位律师形成自己的行事风格。Empowering lawyers in this way inculcates a heightened sense of personal responsibility，which in turn reinforces the drive for individual excellence.
以此种方式授权律师既强调了一种高度的个人责任感，又反过来加强了个人追求卓越的驱动力。
Equally important to professional autonomy is that firms need to take care not to impinge on a lawyer’s exercise of considered professional judgment，even when that means refusing a client.
与职业自由性同样重要的是，律师事务所需要注意不要干涉律师运用他们经过深思熟虑的职业判断，即便那意味着拒绝客户。
Lawyers are not the servants of their clients. In appropriate circumstance，telling the client “N o” is an act of the highest professionalism.
律师不是客户的仆从，在适当的条件下，对客户说“不”是一种体现最高职业素养的行为。
A lawyer is well-paid with the confidence that the firm will stand behind him or her in such circumstances.
在这种情况下，当一名律师深信律师事务所会在背后支持他，他便获得了丰富的报酬。
Lastly professional status encompasses adherence to ethical standards.
最后，职业地位包含对职业标准的遵守。
Most lawyers find self-worth in setting an example—both within the profession and within the larger society —as ethical actors.
很多律师事务所通过在行业内把自己塑造成一个具有良好职业道德的典范来到自我价值。
When，management affirms the special respect due to lawyers who act with the utmost integrity and civility in all of their professional dealings，it provides yet another form of compensation.
less is more 翻译
对那些在所有职业行为中都表现出极度正直和谦逊有礼的律师们来说，当管理阶层对他们理应受到的特别尊重表示肯定时，便又获得了另一种形式的精神报酬。
Personal pride（个人自豪感）
Few of us make it through the rigors of a legal education without having a deeply internalized sense of excellence for its own sake.
很少有人会这样：在经历严格的法律教育之后，没有体验到纯粹的，深深融合进自己性格的追求卓越的精神。
Lawyers compensate themselves with the powerful self-affirmation of a job well done.
工作出的律师们用强有力的自我肯定来犒赏自己。
As a matter of both compensation and reputation，an elite firm cannot afford to impede the drive to excellence，even when it’s not cost effective in the short term.
从报酬和声望的角度来说，一家顶级律师事务所承担不起阻挠追求卓越的动力所带来的后果，即使从短期来看这并不合理。
This means，for example，that firm management should applaud the writing and rewriting of a brief to the highest standard even when a cynical perspective would suggest that the extra effort will have no practical effect.
这意味着，举个例子来说，律师事务所管理层应该称赞按照最高标准一再重写诉讼要点这样的行为，即使有处事悲观的人认为花额外的力气并不会带来实际的效益。
Always celebrate superlative work product even when it seems unlikely to make a difference in the outcome. 要始终祝贺出的工作成果，即便这些成果对事情的结局似乎不太可能产生影响。
Instead of kowtowing to client demands for super work at a cut-rate price，deliver excellence and expect to be paid for it.
不要对客户们低价位高质量的工作要求百依百顺，要奉献优质的工作并期待相应的回报。
Idealism (理想主义)
Think back to law school. Who remembers talking into the night about how to obtain the highest profits per equity partner?
回想一下在法学院的情景吧。谁记得就如何使每位参股合伙人获得最高利益的话题谈论至深夜？
More memorable discussions covered things such as the advancement of civil rights，the provision of legal services to the poor，the development of a more equitable system of taxation，the promulgation of international norms guaranteeing basic human dignity.
要值得回忆的讨论包括诸如公民权的提高，为穷人提供法律服务，创造一种更公平的税收制度，保证基本人格尊严的国际法规的颁布等话题。
Lawyers thirst for justice，and slaking that thirst is an important element of compensation.
律师们渴望正义，满足这种渴望是一种重要的补偿元素。
Almost by definition，an elite law firm supports pro bono and public service efforts，thereby accomplishing the intertwined goal of compensating its professionals and discharging its institutional obligations to society.
一家顶级的律师事务所支持公益服务几乎是理所当然，它由此完成既回报专业人士又履行为公共机构对于社会的责任这两个密不可分的目标。
Recognition（表彰）
Psychic compensation includes recognition，both formal and informal.
精神报酬包括表彰，正式和非正式的。
Rendering such compensation depends on management’s making just a little extra effort to acknowledge achievement。
给予这样的报酬要依靠管理层多做点努力来认可员工的业绩。
Celebrate important accomplishments and mark important milestones.
庆祝重要的成就和标识最重要的具有里程碑意义的事件。
On occasion，elaborate dinners or parties are called for，but often casual events will serve the purpose.
偶尔需要举办一些精致的晚宴或晚会，但是一些休闲的活动往往就能达到目的。
Institute formal award programs. Stage ceremonies of public recognition. Never neglect to mark even relatively minor accomplishments with a congratulatory e-mail or phone call.
设立正确的奖励方案。筹办一些公开的表彰仪式。绝不要忽视以祝贺性邮件或电话的方式祝贺即便是相对渺小的成绩。
Institutional pride（团体自豪感）
Finally，a law firm can compensate its lawyers by giving them cause to be proud to be a part of the firm. Law firms，as institutions，can outlive，outperform and out contribute any individual。
最后，律师事务所可以给予律师们身为其中一员而自豪的理由，藉此方式给律师报酬。律师事务所，作为公共机构，会比任何个人生存得长久，表现的出，贡献的更多。
We join firms in order to be a part of something bigger than ourselves.
我们加入律师事务所是为了超越个体的自我，成为团体的一部分。
When firm management commits itself to building the firm as an integrated institution，with strong institutional values，and when the firm thrives as an institution，belonging to the firm becomes its own reward.
当事务所管理层致力于把事务所打造成一个有着强烈的团体价值观的完善机构的时候，当事务所作为一个机构蓬勃发展的时候，归属于这个事务所便成为了对自身的回报。
Of course，this requires management to foster a corporate identity that subsumes individual egos-the greater good of the group must take precedence.
当然，这要求管理层培养一种包含个人自我的企业身份——集体的大利益必须高于一切。
And the firm as an institution must meet the highest standards in every area：excellent corporate citizenship，superb client service，selfless public service，outstanding reputation.
作为机构的律师事务所必须在每个领域符合最高标准：一流的企业形象，优质的客户服务，无私的公共服务，突出的声望。
In sum，lawyers-or，at least，the best lawyers-don’t work for bread alone.
总之，律师们——或者，至少，最优秀的律师们——不是只为面包工作。
And law firms-or，at least，elite law firms-cannot hope to effectively recruit or retain top legal talent without an attractive package of psychic compensation，which means that law firm managers must attend to the same. 律师事务所——或者，至少，最精英的律师事务所——如果不能提供富有吸引力的精神回报，不可能指望有效地招募到或挽留住顶级的法律人才，这意味着律师事务所的经理们必须两者兼顾。
Unit2 A cuisine crisis
What could be more French than an outdoor market on a sunny Sunday morning?
还有什么能比周日造成明媚阳光下的露天市场更具法国味呢?
The air is filled with vital scents from the herbs and fruits and vegetables piled high in the greengrocers’ creative geometrics.
各种药草、水果和蔬菜在杂货店里高高地垒成形状各异的小山，浓郁的芳香弥漫在空气之中。
A whiff of the Atlantic blows off the oysters on the fishmongers’ bed of ice.
鱼贩冰排上的牡蛎散发着大西洋的味道。
Wild game-hare，venison，boar-hangs from the butchers’ racks，sausages and cheeses are laid out to savor and smell.
肉铺的架子上挂着各种野味：兔肉、鹿肉、野猪肉，应有尽有。香肠和奶酪也摆出来供人品尝。
This，you think，is the very essence of France，
你一定认为这就是法国的精髓。
until you read those little signs that tell you the tomatoes（which are really pretty tasteless）come from Moroccan hothouses，the grapes from South Africa，kiwis from Chile and the haricot from Kenya. You can’t even be sure where that boar bit the dust.
但随之你会发现一些小小的标识，告诉你西红柿（实际上是淡而无味的）来自摩洛哥的暖房，葡萄产自南非，猕猴桃来自智利，青豆角培育于肯尼亚，你甚至说不准那野猪是在哪儿被宰的。
The congenital quaintness of the street market，in fact，draws directly on globalization.
街头市场的这种顺理成章的古怪现象实际上是全球化的直接产物。
What Emile Zola once called “the belly of Paris”，the rich，ripe，smelly center of the wholesale food business，long since moved out of downtown to a cargo hub near Orly airport.
曾经被埃米尔·左拉称作是“巴黎之腹”，利润丰厚，发展成熟并散发着浓郁气味的食品批发行业，早已搬出市中心，迁到了奥利机场附近的货运中心。
Quite literally，that is now where a lot of French cooking begins-and，increasingly，where the era of great French cuisine as something truly unique and exclusive to France is slowly coming to an end.
事实上，现在许多法国菜发源于此，而正是这儿却日益见证着真正独具法国特的伟大的法式烹饪时代正走向消亡。
For generations，the French have prided themselves on their distinctiveness.
长久以来，法国人一直为他们的与众不同感到骄傲。
Nothing has stood for France’s sense of exceptionalism more famously than its cooking. Gallic talent ，taste and techniques have been exported all over the world.
而能代表法国超凡特，最富盛名的就是要数他的烹饪艺术了。高卢人的才智、品味和技术已经传播到世界各地。
And therein lies part to the problem. From the Napa Valley to the Thames and Tokyo，non-French cooks have cracked the codes of the best French cuisine.
然而，一些问题也随之产生。从纳帕谷到泰晤士河再到东京，非法裔的厨师们破解了最上乘的法式烹饪的秘笈。
Meanwhile，what was mediocre elsewhere-albeit cheap and popular-has been imported.
与此同时，其他地方一些尽管又便宜又流行但却不怎么上档次的烹制法也传入了法国。

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