比较结构
在英语中,比较两个(或多个)主体的结构叫作比较结构。通常译为“A比B更……”,“A和B一样……”,或“A是最……"。比较结构最主要的体现方式是将形容词或副词变成其比较级或最高级形式。比较结构在英语中十分常见,按照比较结果和参与比较的主体的数量可以分为:同级比较,比较级和最高级。其中,同级比较和比较级多为二者之间的比较,而最高级多为三者或三者以上的比较。形容词或副词的比较级和最高级,均由形容词或副词的原级变化而来,一般在原级后面加上er变为其比较级,加上est变为其最高级,当然也有一些不规则的变化,例如:形容词good的比较级是 better,最高级是best,副词far的比较级是 further/ farther,最高级是 furthest/farthest"。
第一节基础知识讲解
1、同级比较
1. 构成
①as+形容词/副词原级+as。Jack speaks as fluently as Rose.
②as+many/much+名词+as。I have finished as many assignments as you.
2. 用法
"not so much+名词+as,意为:与其……不如……。例如:
Dixon is not so much a teacher as an actor.
与其说迪克森是一位老师,不如说他是一位演员。
3. 注意事项。
as/so.as结构同级比较的否定形式为: not as/so…as。例如:
John is not so smart as his brother.
2、比较级
1. 构成
形容词/副词比较级+than。
He is maturer than most of his peers.
他比大部分同龄人都更成熟。
2. 用法
①the+比较级,the+比较级,意为:越……,越……例如:
The more concentrative you are, the more efficient you will become.
你越专注,就会越高效。
②more/ less than结构。
I. more than=over结构。
A. more than+数词,意为:超过;……以上。例如:
More than 80% of the responses are favorable.
百分之八十以上都是好评。
B. more than+名词,意为:不仅仅,不只是。例如:
Ms. Green is more than a teacher to me.
对我来说,格林女士不仅仅是一位老师。
C. more than+形容词/副词,意为:非常,十分=very。例如:
You should be more than serious about the interview.
你应该非常认真地对待这次面试。
D. no more than,意为:只是,仅仅=only。例如:
The main teaching building is no more than one mile to our dormitory.
主教学楼离我们宿舍仅仅1英里远。
E. not more than意为:不超过,最多。例如:
There will be not more than two new subjects this semester.
less is more英文理解
这学期的新课不会超过2门。
II. more…than…结构。
A. more A than B,意为:与其说B,不如说A。例如:
He is more like a companion than a leader.
与其说他是一位领导,不如说他是一个朋友。
B. no more…than…,意为:…和…都不。例如:
The dictation is no more difficult than the oral test.
听写和口语考试都不难。
C. not more…than…,意为:不比……多,比…少,不如……。例如:
They don't have more evidence than we do.
他们掌握的证据不比我们的多。
These boys don't show more patience than girls.
这些男孩不如女孩们有耐心。
III. less than结构
A. no less than=at least+数词+名词,意为:不少于。例如:
I have read no less than seven books this month.
本月我已经读了不少于7本书。
B. no less than+名词,意为:和…一样,多达。例如:
What they have done is no less than sexism.
他们的所作所为和性别歧视是一样的。
C. not less than,意为:不少于,至少。例如:
There are not less than nine spelling mistakes in his essay.
他的文章里至少有9处拼写错误。
IV. less,than.结构。
A. no less.than,意为:和…一样都。例如:
Bob is no less easy-going than Max.
鲍勃和马克斯一样都很随和。
B. not less…than,意为:比…多,不比……少。例如:
She is not less beautiful than we imagine.
她比我们想象的漂亮得多。
3、最高级
1. 构成
the+形容词/副词最高级+名词+比较范围。例如:
This is the most horrible movie I have ever seen.
这是我看过的最恐怖的电影。
2. 用法
用比较级表示最高级。
①形容词/副词比较级+ than the other+名词。例如:
She goes to the library earlier than the other students.
她去图书馆比其他学生都早。
②形容词/副词比较级+ than any other+名词。例如:
Tom runs faster than any other student in his class.
汤姆比他班上任何一个学生跑得都快。
③否定词+形容词/副词比较级。例如:
Nothing else is more precious than time.
没有什么比时间更宝贵。
4、注意事项
1. 由than和as引导的比较状语从句中,如果从句的名词主语较长,需将从句中的助动词、系动词、情态动词前置到较长的名词主语之前,采取倒装形式,避免头重脚轻,但主语若为代词,则无需倒装。例如:
Hydrogen burns much more cleanly than do other fuels and is easy to produce.
氢燃烧时比其他燃料更清洁,且易于生产。
Reading is to the mind as is exercise to the body.
阅读之于心灵,犹如运动之于身体。
2. 如果as引导的比较状语从句前的主句是否定句,通常在意义的理解上要进行否定转移。例如:
He didn't attend the meeting as he used to.
他没有像过去那样来参加会议。
第二节 真题实战
1. Studies of both animals and humans have shown that//
对于人和动物的多项研究表明, 性别荷尔蒙影响压力的反应，导致压力下的此行比相同条件下的雄性产生更多的出发性化学物质。
                            非谓语：v-ing/v-ed/to+v.
sex hormones somehow affect the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions.（英语一2008年 Reading Comprehension Part A Text 1 P2）
主谓宾
主系表
Be full of/be filled with
Fulfill v.完成
Fulfillment n.成就=achievement=accomplishment
Prior a.优先的        prepare
Priority n.优先        progress
Prioritize v. 优先      promote v.
2. Young people (who are still getting started in life) were more likely (than older adults) to prioritize personal fulfillment in their work,
to believe they will advance their careers most by regularly changing jobs,
to favor communities with more public services and a faster pace of life,
to agree that couples should be financially secure before getting married or having children,
and to maintain that children are best served by two parents working outside the home, the survey found.（英语二2016 Reading Comprehension Part A Text 4 P3）
研究发现，生活中刚刚起步的年轻人更倾向于把事业的成就放在第一位。他们认为，通过定期更换工作可以取得事业的进步，也赞同更快的生活节奏和社区提供更多的公共服务。他们还认可，结婚生子前夫妻双方应该有稳定的经济基础；孩子最好跟随有稳定工作的父母一起生活。

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