2021年中考英语语法:比较级和最高级的19个常用句型及应用
1. 当A > B 时,用“比较级 + than + 比较对象”来表示。如:
My room is smaller than yours. 我的房间比你的小。
She got there earlier than I did. 她比我到得早。
注意:一般来说,比较对象为人称代词时,用主格或宾格均可。但是,当句子中谓语动词为及物动词时,人称代词用主格或宾格意义不同。如:
I like you better than he (likes you). 我比他更喜欢你。
I like you better than (he likes) him. 我喜欢你胜过喜欢他。
2. 当A > B,但B包含A时,则须用other来将A排除出去,即:
(1) 用“比较级 + than + any other + 名词单数”来表示。如:
China is larger than any other country in Asia. 中国比其他任何亚洲国家都要大。
(2) 用“比较级 + than + any of the other + 名词复数”来表示。如:
He is older than any of the other boys in his class. 他比他班上任何同学年纪都大。
(3) 用“比较级 + than + all the other +名词复数”来表示。如:
Your department spent more last year than all the other departments put together. 你们部门去年的花销比其他所有部门的加起来还多。
(4) 用“比较级 + than + (any of) the others”来表示。如:
I received less money than the others did. 我比别人收到的钱少。
(5) 用“比较级 + than + the other + 名词复数”来表示。如:
He is cleverer than the other students in his class. 他比班上其他学生聪明。
(6) 用“比较级 + than + anyone else”来表示。如:
You know him better than anyone else. 你对他比任何别人都更了解。
3. 当A > B,但B不包含A时,句型为:
(1) 用“比较级 + than + any of the + 名词复数”来表示。如:
He is richer than any of the people here. 他比这儿的任何人都有钱。
(2) 用“比较级 + than + any + 名词单数”来表示。如:
I’m taller than any student of your class. 我比你们班的任何学生都高。
4. 当A = B 时,用“as + 原级 + as + 比较对象”来表示。如:
She is as tall as me。她与我一样高。
He gets up as early as his parents. 他起床与他父母起得一样早。
5. 当A < B 时,用“not so /as + 原级 + as +比较对象”来表示。如:
I’m not as [so] lucky as you. 我不像你那么幸运。
He doesn’t study as [so] hard as Mary. 他学习不如玛丽努力。
6. 当A = 数字×B 时,用下列结构来表示:
(1) 用“数字 + times + as + 原级 + as +比较对象”来表示。如:
Their house is about three times as big as ours. 他们的房子大约有我们房子三倍大。
(2) 用“数字 + times + the size / length / depth / height / width + of +比较对象” 来表示。如:
Your office is three times the size of ours. 你的办公室是我们办公室的三倍大。
(3) 用“数字 + times + 比较级 + than + 比较对象”来表示。如:
He runs three times faster than Jack. 他比杰克跑得倍。
注:若指两倍,以上各句型中的“数字+times”则应换成twice。如:
This room is twice the length of the other, but much narrower. 这个房间的长度是那个房间的
两倍, 但窄得多。
7. 在三者或三者以上的人或物中,用最高级表示,结构为“the + 最高级 + 比较范围”。如:
She is the best player in the team. 她是队里最优秀的运动员。
He works the hardest of all the students. 他是所有学生中最用功的。
8. 表示“越来越……”时,用“比较级 + and + 比较级”。如:
Your English is getting better and better. 你的英语越来越好了。
It’s becoming more and more difficult to find a job. 工作越来越困难了。
9. 表示“越……就越……”时,用“the + 比较级,the + 比较级”。如:
The younger you are, the easier it is to learn. 年纪越轻,学习越容易。
The more money you make, the more you spend. 你挣的钱越多,花的钱也越多。
10. “否定词+谓语+比较级”相当于最高级。如:
I’ve never seen a nicer bird than this one.=This bird is the nicest bird I’ve ever seen. 这是我所见过的最好的鸟。
How beautifully she sings! I have never heard a better voice. 她唱得多好啊!我从来没有听过这么动听的声音。
11. the+比较级+of the two
表示“两者中较…的那个人或物”时,在比较级前加定冠词the。如:less is more大学英语课件
He is the taller of the two. 他是两人中较高的那个。
She was the more promising worker of the two. 她是两人之中更有培养前途的工人。
12. not +比较级+ than / no +比较级+ than
比较级前加not,表示前者不如后者,与not as…as相当;比较级前加no是对两者的否定,意为“和……一样不……”,与
neither…nor…或“as+相反意义的形容词或副词+as”相当。如:
He is not taller than me. 他不如我高。
He is no taller than me. 他同我一样不高。(即一样矮)
His English is not better than mine. 他的英语不如我的英语好。
His English is no better than mine. 他的英语同我的英语一样不好。(即一样差)
You are not more careful than he is. 你不如他仔细。
You are no more careful than he is. 你和他一样不仔细。(即一样粗心)
13. no more than与not more than
两者均可表示数量,前者表示“仅仅”、“只不过”,强调少;而后者表示“不多于”、“至多”。如:
This test takes no more than thirty minutes. 这个测验只需30分钟。
For thirty years, he had done no more than he had needed to. 30年来,他只干了他需要干
的工作。
He has not more than three children. 他最多 3 个孩子(有或许还不到 3 个之意)。
14. no more…than与not more…than
两者均可用于比较,前者表示对两者都否定,意为“同……一样不”(=neither ... nor);而后者则指两者虽都具有某种特
征,但程度不同,意为“不如”、“不及”(= not so ... as)。如:
He is no more a writer than a painter. 他不是画家,也不是作家。(= He is neither a painter nor a writer.)
He’s no more able to read Spanish than I am. 他和我都读不懂西班牙语。(=Neither he nor I am not read Spanish.)
She is not more clever than he is. 她不如他聪明。(= She is not so clever as he is.)
This book is not more difficult than that one. 这本书不比那本书更难。(This book is not so difficult as that one.)
15. no less than 与not less than
表示均可表示数量,前者意为“多达”、“有…之多”,强调多;后者表示“不下于”、“至少”。如:
He paid no less than $10,000 for it. 他为此付了10000多美元。
He paid not less than $10,000 for it. 他为此付的钱不下10000美元。
He walks no less than five miles to school. 他上学至少要走五英里。
He has no less than seven daughters. 他有七个女儿之多。
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