Lesson 8形容词与副词的比较级和最高级
【内容提要】
形容词与副词的比较级和最高级
【知识要点回硕】
1同级比较
意义 | 事物A与事物B在某方面程度相同 | 事物A是事物B的几倍(用how many times 提问) |
结构 | as+adj./adv.+as | 倍数(once, twice, three times)+as+adj./adv.+as |
特殊结构 | as...as possible-as .as one can | |
2比较级
意义 | 两者之间进行比较,表示"哪一个更...... " |
用法 | 常用于两者的比较 |
结构 | 形容词或副词的比较级+than,比较级前可用 much, a lot, a bit, a little, even, still, far等词修饰 |
句式 | A+谓语动词+形容词或副词的比较级+than+B,表示"A比B...... " |
A+谓语动词+倍数+形容词或副词的原级+than+B,表示"A是B的几倍" | |
A+be+the+形容词或副词比较级+of+the two,表示"A是两者中更.的" | |
A+谓语动词+形容词或副词比较级+than any other+单数名词,表示"A比其他任何都.... " (用比较级表示最高级) | |
特殊结构 | 疑问词+谓语动词+比较级,AorB?表示"谁更...,A还是B? " |
比较级+and+比较级,表示"越来越...... " | |
the+比较级, the+比较级,表示"越.....越...... " | |
A+be+not+比较级+than+B,表示"A并不比B...... " (否定A) | |
A+be+no+比较级+than+B,表示"A与B一样不......"(两者都否) | |
sooner or later,表示"迟早" | |
3最高级
意义 | 三者进行比较,表示“哪一个最.....” |
用法 | 用于三者或三者以上事物的比较 |
结构 | 主语+谓语动词+最高级+in/ |
句式 | 主语+谓语动词+the+最高级+单数名词+in/,表示“在某一范围内最.....” |
疑问词+谓语动词+the+最高级+A, B or C? 表示“在A,B,C中谁最….. | |
4形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成
规则变化 | 少数双音节词一般在词尾加-er或-est,如:small-smaller -the smallest |
以e字母结尾的加-r或-st,如:late-later-the latest | |
以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i 加-er或-est, 如:easy-easier-the easiest | |
以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词,双写最后一个辅音字母再加-er或-est, 如:big-bigger-the biggest | |
多首节词前加more或most, 副词最高级前可以省略the, lesson是什么意思中文如:important – more important - the most important | |
不规则变化 | good/well-better-best bad/badly/ill-worse-worst many/much-more-most little-less-least old-older/elder-oldest/eldest far-farther/further-farthest/furthest |
【考点突破】
例1 Roy thinks he works as as his friend, Dan.
A. hardly B. harder C. hard
[讲解] 本题考查同级比较。hardly几乎不;harder是hard的比较级,表示“更努力的,更努力地”;hard努力的,努力地; more hardly是错误的表达。此题为同级比较,用"as+adj./adv.+as"的结构, 又因为work是动词,所以用副词修饰,hard的形容词和副词形式不变。
[答案] C
例2 Lisa was still very weak when she left hospital. But after a week's rest, she felt much and
went back to school.
A. good B. better C. worse
[讲解] 本题考查形容词的比较级。由but 可知休息了一个星期后,Lisa的身体变好了,所以排除C项和D项;此处与之前进行了比较,要用比较级的结构,而good的比较级是better.
[答案] B
例3 There will be cars in the city because people will prefer the subway.
A. fewer B. less C. more
[讲解] 本题考查形容词变比较级的不规则变化。由because people will prefer the subway可推测出汽车会越来越少,排除C项;fewer走few的比较级,修饰可数名词;less是little的比较级,修饰不可数名词:而car为可数名词,故用 fewer。
[答案] A
例4 The harder you study, the knowledge you will know.
A. much B. more C, little
[讲解] 本题考查比较级“越...,越… ”的结构。表示“越…,越…”要用the+比较级,the十比较级”的结构,根据 the harder you study,可知后一句应为“你会知道越多的知识”,故排除C项和D项;由于knowledge是不可数名词,故用much的比较级即more修饰。
[答案] B
例5 Bill and Craig are boys, and Craig is of the two.
A. taller; tallest B. tall; taller C. tall; the taller
[讲解] 本题考查形容词的比较级。are后用形容词原级修饰boys,表示“……的男孩”,第一空填形容词tall的原级;由of the two 可知第二空表示“两者之间比较…… 的一个”,要用“the十形容词的比较级”的结构。
[答案] C
例6 Li Na is one of tennis players in the world.
A. most famous B. the most famous C. more famous
[讲解] 本题考查形容词的最高级。根据one of和in the world 可判断要用形容词的最高级,famous为多音节词,最高级前要用定冠词 the。
[答案] B
例7 --- Who does homework ,Tom, Jack or Bill? --- Bill.
A. more carefully B. more careful C. most carefully
[讲解] 本题考查形容词的最高级。 由后面的 Tom, Jack or Bill,可知是三个人间的比较,要用最高级,所以排除A,B两项; 又因为最高级修饰的是do homework这一动作,所以要用副词修饰,即 carefully。
[答案] C
【知识点拨】 最高级的特殊用法 1. 表示“最…的…之一”时,用“one of the+形容词最高级”结构,该形容词后用复数形式。 如:He is one of the most popular singers. 他是最受欢迎的歌手之一。 2. 形容词最高级前可以加序数词,表示“第几最......" 如:The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. 黄河是中国第二长河。 3. 被物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格修饰时,最高级前不再加 the。 如: Painting is his latest hobby.绘画是他最近的爱好。 |
【试题研究】
一、用所给词的恰当形式填空
1. His elder brother is 20 years old. (old)
2. Bill is the heavier of the two. (heavy)
3. Soccer is much more popular in our school. (popular)
4. Chinese isn't so difficult as math. (difficult)
5. Today is a little colder/cold (cold)
6. This one is much too expensive . Can you show me a cheaper one? (expensive, cheap)
二、选择题
(C) 7. My friend thinks English is than Chinese.
A. easy B. very easy C. easier
(B) 8. He speaks English an English man, so we can believe that he has stayed in Britain for many years.
A. so badly as B. as well as s. C. as good as
(B) 9. She doesn't get up you do.
A. as earlier as B. so early as C. so earlier as
(C) 10. You should tell possible to support your ideas.
A. as many news as B. as much fact as C. as many facts as
(A) 11. Kate is than me.
A. five years older B. five years elder C. older five years
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