机械专业英语试题及答案
12. Most frames _______ cast iron, weld steel, composition, or concrete.
A. are made from
B. are made up of
C. was produced by
D. was consist of
13. Rotating shafts particularly those that run at high speeds, must be designed to avoid
operation
at speeds.
A . low
B .overload C. critical D. hollow
14. Although cast iron is a fairly cheap material, each casting requires a .
pulleys
A. pattern
B. model
C. mold
D. patent
15. The term is used to describe joints with surface contact, as with a pin surrounded by a hole.
A. high pair
B. low pair
C. surface pair
D. rotary pair
⼆、完型填空（在每个⼩题四个备选答案中选出⼀个正确答案，本⼤题共15⼩题，每⼩题1分，总计15分）
The term shaft usually refers to a relatively long member of round cross section that rotates and transmits power. One or more members such as gears, sprockets, pulleys, and cams are usually (16) to the shaft by means of pins, keys, splines, snap rings,
a nd other devices. These latter members are among the “associated parts” considered
in this text, as are couplings and universal joint, which serve to (17) the shaft to the source of power or load.
A shaft can have a noround cross section, ant it need not necessarily rotate. It can
be stationary and serve to (18) a rotating member, such as the short shafts that support the nondriving wheels of an automobile. The shafts supporting(19) gears can be either rotating or stationary depending on (20) the gear is attached to the shaft or supported by it through bearings.
It is apparent that shafts can be subjected to various combinations of axial, bending, and(21) loads, and that these loads may be static or fluctuating. Typically,
a rotating shaft transmitting power is (22) to a constant torque (producing a mean
torsional stress) together with a completely reversed bending load (producing an alternating bending stress).
In addition to satisfying (23) requirements, shafts must be designed so that deflections are within acceptable limits. Excessive (24) shafts deflection can hamper gear performance and cause (25) noise. The associated angular deflection can be very destructive to no-self- aligning bearings(either plain or rolling). (26) deflection can affect the accuracy of a cam or gear driven mechanism. Furthermore, the greater the flexibility -either lateral or torsional-the lower the corresponding (27) speed.
考⽣注意：考试时间 120 分钟试卷总分 100 分共 5 页第 1 页
Sometimes members like gears and cams are made (28) with shaft, but more often such members (which also include pulleys, sprockets, etc)are made separately and then(29) shaft. The portion of the mounted member in contact with the shaft is the hub. Attachment of the hub to the shaft
is made in variety of ways. A gear can be gripped (30) between a shoulder on the shaft and a spacer,
with torque being transmitted through a key. The grooves in the shaft and hub into which the key fits are called keyways.
16、 A) cement B) attached C) connected D) concrete
17、 A) endure B) transmit C) serve D) connect
18、 A) support B) meet C) satisfy D) strong
19、 A) aims B) idler C) terminal D) tomb
20、 A) due to B) weather C) whether D) for
21、 A) elasticity B) torsional C) inertia D) acceleration
22、 A) subjected B)…connect C) and D) From
23、 A) deeply B) strength C) clearly understand D) long time
24、 A) identify B) cross C) round D) lateral
25、A) lucrative B) objectionable C) attractable D)
terrible
26、 A) Moment B)Torment C) Torsional D) Movement
27、 A) high B) critical C) first D) important
28、A) work B) idealization C) integral D)
simplification
29、 A) mounted onto B) refers C) referring to D) indicates
30、 A) deformations B) bending limits C) laternal D) axially
三、阅读理解（在每个⼩题四个备选答案中选出⼀个正确答案，填在题头的表中）（本⼤题
共20⼩题，每⼩题2分，总计40分）
Text 1
Engineering design is a systematic process by which solution to the needs of humankind are obtained .
The process is applied to problems(needs) of varying complexity .For example, mechanical engineers will use the design process to find an effective, efficient method to convert reciprocating motion to circular motion for the drive train in an intnternal combustion engine; electrical engineers will use the process to design electrical generating systems using falling water as the power source; and materials engineers use the process to design ablative materials which enable astrona uts to safely reenter the earth’s atmosphere.
The vast majority of complex problems in today’s high technology society depend for solution not on a single engineering discipline, but on teams of engineers, scientists, environmentalists, economists, sociologists, and legal personnel. Solutions are not only dependent regulations and political influence. As engineers we are empowered with the technical expertise to develop new and improved products and systems, but at the same time we must be increasingly aware of the impact of our actions on society and the environment in general and work conscientiously toward the best solution in view of all relevant factors.
Design is the culmination of engineering educational process; it is the salient feature that distinguishes engineering design is found in the curriculum guidelines of the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology(ABET).ABET accredits curricula in engineering schools and derives its membership from t
he various engineering professional societies. Each accredited curriculum has a well-defined design component which falls within the ABET statement on design
订
线
read as follows.
Engineering design is the process of devising a system, component, or process to meet desired needs. It is decision making process(often iterative),in which the basic sciences, mathematics, and engineering sciences are applied to convert resources optimally to meet a sated objectives and criteria, synthesis, analysis, construction ,testing, and evaluation. The engineering design component of a curriculum must include most of the following features : development of student creativity, use of open-ended problem statement and use of modern design theory and methodology, formulation of design problem statement and specification, consideration of alternative solutions, feasibility considerations, production process, concurrent engineering design, and detailed system descriptions. Further, it is essential to include a variety of realistic constraints such as economic factors, safety, reliability, aesthetics, ethics, and social impact.
31、what’s the main meaning of message (1)
A) Engineering design is a systematic process B) materials engineer’s main work
C) mechanical engineer’s has good idea D) electrical engineer’ main duty
32、In the author’s opinion, the design process is very complex and should taken into account many
factors, from the message who should NOT join into the design team _______.
A) environmentalists,
B) sociologists
C) engineers
D) Government officials
33、From the message, we can know the meaning of words “ABET”(at line third paragraph) is _____.
A) a set of accredits standard
B) a kind of design method
C) a department of US government which responsible for engineering design
D) A set of law
34、It can be concluded from the passage that in the exercise and training of student, which character
of the following is NOT included in the curriculum ______.
A) creativity
B) new material
C) ethics
D) economic factors
35、The title of the message is ______.
A) the roles of engineers in manufacturing
B) the importance of mechanical design
C) engineering design
D) The process of machine design
TEXT 2
Working drawings are the complete set of standardized drawings specifying the manufacture and assembly of a product based on its design. The complexity of the design determines the number and types of drawings. Working drawings may be on more than one sheet and may contain written instructions called specifications. Working drawings are blueprints used for manufacturing products. Therefore, the set of drawings must:(a) completely describe the parts, both visually and dimensionally;(b)show the parts in assembly;(3)identify all the parts; and (4)specify standard parts. The graphics and text information must be sufficiently complete and accurate to manufacture and assemble the product without error.
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