2023年高考英语全国甲卷阅读理解C篇讲义
I was about 13 when an uncle gave me a copy of Jostein Gaarder’s Sophie’s World. It was full of ideas that were new to me, so I spent the summer with my head in and out of that book. It spoke to me and brought me into a world of philosophy (哲学).
That love for philosophy lasted until I got to college. Nothing kills the love for philosophy faster than people who think they understand Foucault, Baudrillard, or Confucius better than you — and then try to explain them.
Eric Weiner’s The Socrates Express: In Search of Life Lessons from Dead Philosophers reawakened my love for philosophy. It is not an explanation, but an invitation to think and experience philosophy.
Weiner starts each chapter with a scene on a train ride between cities and then frames each philosopher’s work in the context (背景) of one thing they can help us do better. The end result is a read in which we learn to wonder like Socrates, see like Thoreau, listen like Schop
enhauer, and have no regrets like Nietzsche. This, more than a book about understanding philosophy, is a book about learning to use philosophy to improve a life.
He makes philosophical thought an appealing exercise that improves the quality of our experiences, and he does so with plenty of humor. Weiner enters into conversation with some of the most important philosophers in history, and he becomes part of that crowd in the process by decoding (解读) their messages and adding his own interpretation.
The Socrates Express is a fun, sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thoughts on desire, loneliness, and aging. The invitation is clear: Weiner wants you to pick up a coffee or tea and sit down with this book. I encourage you to take his offer. It’s worth your time, even if time is something we don’t have a lot of.
28. Who opened the door to philosophy for the author?
A. Foucault.
B. Eric Weiner.
C. Jostein Gaarder.
D. A college teacher.
29. Why does the author list great philosophers in paragraph 4?
A. To compare Weiner with them.
B. To give examples of great works.
C. To praise their writing skills.
D. To help readers understand Weiner’s book.
30. What does the author like about The Socrates Express?
A. Its views on history are well-presented.
B. Its ideas can be applied to daily life.
C. It includes comments from readers.
D. It leaves an open ending.
31. What does the author think of Weiner’s book?
A. Objective and plain.
B. Daring and ambitious.
C. Serious and hard to follow.
D. Humorous and straightforward.
文章分析
阅读理解的CD篇文章里出现的主要是说明文和议论文,所以在看到这篇文章前两段讲述“13岁的时候”和“上大学以后”时,你应该立刻意识到,这篇文章应该不是记叙文,是用作者自身的经历作为文章的引入环节,也就是各位看到的那种提问文章开头的作用的题目里经常选择
的正确答案“introduction”。而读到第三段的时候你就会明白,文章真正的主题是一本书,这又是一篇全国卷阅读理解命题喜欢考查的读后感或书评。
当然,要想飞快地把握这篇文章的主旨,还有更加简单直接的办法。文章的主旨一定在开头结尾有所体现,所以作为C篇文章,当我看到第一段的开头写道“I was about 13 …”的时候,就可以判断这必然不是主旨,直接忽略去看尾段即可。在尾段的开头看到代表书名的斜体字和“a fun, sharp book that draws readers …”,结尾看到“It’s worth your time …”,立刻可以判断这篇文章是在推荐书,也就是读后感或书评,作者对这本书持肯定态度。这就是我们在阅读理解中一直在强调的解题思路——积累不同文章类型的经验,整体把握文章主旨。
毫不夸张地说,当你了解这篇文章的主题是推荐一本书,而且作者对这本书持积极肯定态度之后,29题和31题已经可以直接出答案了。28题和30题涉及必要的细节,仍然需要去文章里去定位,但是这时的阅读要求已经非常低了。这篇题目就这样达到了速战速决并且保证正确率,靠的就是对文章主旨的整体把握。
一定会有些同学不通读全文心里就不踏实。对此我的建议是,你可以完完全全按照你的方式去通读全文,但是读过之后同样要达到“把握文章主旨”的结果。你读的内容更多,更应该准
确地把握文章是什么文体、讲述什么主题、作者有什么态度等等重要信息。但是如果在阅读的过程中盲目地追求英文和中文的互译,纠结具体的词句理解而忽视重要信息和次要信息的差别,那么结果大概率是浪费了时间,题目也无法保证正确率。
解题思路
faster怎么读?28题 细节题 第一段
第一题作为细节题基本考查的是文章的开头部分。在第一段末尾看到的“brought me into a world of philosophy 带我进入哲学的世界”就是题干“opened the door to philosophy 打开哲学的大门”的同义改写,而第一段能够对应的人物有且只有C选项,《苏菲的世界》的作者乔斯坦·贾德。
另外几个选项可以补充关注一下。B选项出现在第三段,对应的是“reawakened my love for philosophy 重新唤醒我对哲学的爱”,re-前缀表示“重复、再次”,与题干“初次”的要求不符。A和D两个选项的相关信息都出现在文章第二段,而第二段提到的是“Nothing kills the love for philosophy faster than … 没有什么比……更快地扼杀了对哲学的爱”,整体是负态度,所以不可能对应题干的内容。
29题 主旨题
这是抓住文章主旨后可以直接秒杀的一道题。我们在之前的内容里反复讲到过,提问“作者为什么在文章里面写到某些细节”,或者“文章里的某些细节发挥什么作用”的题目,一概属于主旨题的范畴,因为任何细节的根本作用都只有一个——为文章主旨服务。用这个标准来衡量,你会发现正确选项只有D选项“帮助读者理解这本书”与文章“推荐书籍”的主旨直接相关。至于A选项“比较作者和哲学家们”、B选项“举名著的例子”和C选项“称赞他们的写作能力”,均与主旨无关。
30题 细节题
题干虽然询问的是“作者喜欢这本书什么”,但是在解题的时候应该直接解读为“这本书最显著最独特最重要的特点是什么”。作者推荐的是这本书,一定是因为这本书有与众不同之处,而也正是这样的差异性,才是最让作者信服的地方。如果从这个角度来考虑,C选项“包括读者评论”就可以直接排除了,因为无论如何这都不可能成为一本书最显著最独特最重要的特点。
A选项“关于历史的观点”和D选项“有开放式结局”略加思考也可以排除。这是一本关于哲学的
著作,怎么会以历史方面的内容为独特之处呢?这本书不是小说不是故事,怎么会谈到结局呢?合理的只有B选项“能够应用于日常生活”,这也是哲学最重要的意义——指导实践。
你会发现,即使是这样一道细节题,也与文章主旨密切相关,这就是我们在前面反复强调的,“正确选项与文章主题关系密切”。
31题 主旨题
作者推荐这本书,当然对这本书持正态度,由此排除A选项的“plain 平淡”和C选项的“hard 困难”。至于B选项“大胆、雄心勃勃”和D选项“幽默、直接”,最后一段开头的“a fun, sharp book 一本有趣而犀利的书”基本上可以直接判断出正确的D选项。此外,文章的倒数第二段还专门提到了作者语言的特“with plenty of humor 充满了幽默感”,同样可以作为判断依据。
全文翻译
I was about 13 when an uncle gave me a copy of Jostein Gaarder’s Sophie’s World. It was full of ideas that were new to me, so I spent the summer with my head in and out of that book. It spoke to me and brought me into a world of philosophy (哲学).
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