lstm⽹络python代码实现LSTM的输⼊、输出、遗忘门的控制推荐这篇博客。本篇的代码也是基于这篇博客的
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
class ReluActivator(object):
def forward(self, weighted_input):
#return weighted_input
return max(0, weighted_input)
def backward(self, output):
return 1 if output > 0 else 0
class IdentityActivator(object):
def forward(self, weighted_input):
return weighted_input
def backward(self, output):
return 1
class SigmoidActivator(object):
def forward(self, weighted_input):
return 1.0 / (1.0 + np.exp(-weighted_input))
def backward(self, output):
return output * (1 - output)
class TanhActivator(object):
def forward(self, weighted_input):
return 2.0 / (1.0 + np.exp(-2 * weighted_input)) - 1.0
def backward(self, output):
return 1 - output * output
def element_wise_op(array, op):
for i in np.nditer(array,
op_flags=['readwrite']):
i[...] = op(i)
class LstmLayer(object):
def __init__(self, input_width, state_width,
learning_rate):
self.input_width = input_width
self.state_width = state_width
self.learning_rate = learning_rate
# 门的激活函数
self.gate_activator = SigmoidActivator()
# 输出的激活函数
self.output_activator = TanhActivator()
# 当前时刻初始化为t0
self.times = 0
# 各个时刻的单元状态向量c
self.c_list = self.init_state_vec()
# 各个时刻的输出向量h
self.h_list = self.init_state_vec()
# 各个时刻的遗忘门f
self.f_list = self.init_state_vec()
# 各个时刻的输⼊门i
self.i_list = self.init_state_vec()
# 各个时刻的输出门o
self.o_list = self.init_state_vec()
# 各个时刻的即时状态c~
<_list = self.init_state_vec()
# 遗忘门权重矩阵Wfh, Wfx, 偏置项bf
self.Wfh, self.Wfx, self.bf = (
self.init_weight_mat())
# 输⼊门权重矩阵Wfh, Wfx, 偏置项bf
self.Wih, self.Wix, self.bi = (
self.init_weight_mat())
# 输出门权重矩阵Wfh, Wfx, 偏置项bf
self.Woh, self.Wox, self.bo = (
self.init_weight_mat())
# 单元状态权重矩阵Wfh, Wfx, 偏置项bf        self.Wch, self.Wcx, self.bc = (
self.init_weight_mat())
def init_state_vec(self):
'''
初始化保存状态的向量
'''
state_vec_list = []
state_vec_list.s(
(self.state_width, 1)))
return state_vec_list
def init_weight_mat(self):
'''
初始化权重矩阵
'''
Wh = np.random.uniform(-1e-4, 1e-4,
(self.state_width, self.state_width))
Wx = np.random.uniform(-1e-4, 1e-4,
(self.state_width, self.input_width))
b = np.zeros((self.state_width, 1))
return Wh, Wx, b
def forward(self, x):
'''
根据式1-式6进⾏前向计算
'''
self.times += 1
# 遗忘门
fg = self.calc_gate(x, self.Wfx, self.Wfh,            self.bf, self.gate_activator)
self.f_list.append(fg)
# 输⼊门
ig = self.calc_gate(x, self.Wix, self.Wih,            self.bi, self.gate_activator)
self.i_list.append(ig)
# 输出门
og = self.calc_gate(x, self.Wox, self.Woh,            self.bo, self.gate_activator)
self.o_list.append(og)
# 即时状态
ct = self.calc_gate(x, self.Wcx, self.Wch,            self.bc, self.output_activator)
<_list.append(ct)
# 单元状态
c = fg * self.c_list[self.times - 1] + ig * ct        self.c_list.append(c)
# 输出
h = og * self.output_activator.forward(c)        self.h_list.append(h)
def calc_gate(self, x, Wx, Wh, b, activator):
'''
计算门
'''
h = self.h_list[self.times - 1] # 上次的LSTM输出
net = np.dot(Wh, h) + np.dot(Wx, x) + bpython新手代码你好
gate = activator.forward(net)
return gate
def backward(self, x, delta_h, activator):
'''
实现LSTM训练算法
'''
self.calc_delta(delta_h, activator)
self.calc_gradient(x)
def update(self):
'''
按照梯度下降，更新权重
'''
self.Wfh -= self.learning_rate * self.Whf_grad
self.Wfx -= self.learning_rate * self.Whx_grad
self.bf -= self.learning_rate * self.bf_grad
self.Wih -= self.learning_rate * self.Whi_grad
self.Wix -= self.learning_rate * self.Whi_grad
self.bi -= self.learning_rate * self.bi_grad
self.Woh -= self.learning_rate * self.Wof_grad
self.Wox -= self.learning_rate * self.Wox_grad
self.bo -= self.learning_rate * self.bo_grad
self.Wch -= self.learning_rate * self.Wcf_grad
self.Wcx -= self.learning_rate * self.Wcx_grad
self.bc -= self.learning_rate * self.bc_grad
def calc_delta(self, delta_h, activator):
# 初始化各个时刻的误差项
self.delta_h_list = self.init_delta()  # 输出误差项
self.delta_o_list = self.init_delta()  # 输出门误差项        self.delta_i_list = self.init_delta()  # 输⼊门误差项        self.delta_f_list = self.init_delta()  # 遗忘门误差项        self.delta_ct_list = self.init_delta() # 即时输出误差项
# 保存从上⼀层传递下来的当前时刻的误差项
self.delta_h_list[-1] = delta_h
# 迭代计算每个时刻的误差项
for k in range(self.times, 0, -1):
self.calc_delta_k(k)
def init_delta(self):
'''
初始化误差项
'''
delta_list = []
for i in range(self.times + 1):
delta_list.s(
(self.state_width, 1)))
return delta_list
def calc_delta_k(self, k):
'''
根据k时刻的delta_h，计算k时刻的delta_f、
delta_i、delta_o、delta_ct，以及k-1时刻的delta_h        '''
# 获得k时刻前向计算的值
ig = self.i_list[k]
og = self.o_list[k]
fg = self.f_list[k]
ct = _list[k]
c = self.c_list[k]
c_prev = self.c_list[k-1]
tanh_c = self.output_activator.forward(c)
delta_k = self.delta_h_list[k]
# 根据式9计算delta_o
delta_o = (delta_k * tanh_c *
self.gate_activator.backward(og))
delta_f = (delta_k * og *
(1 - tanh_c * tanh_c) * c_prev *
self.gate_activator.backward(fg))
delta_i = (delta_k * og *
(1 - tanh_c * tanh_c) * ct *
self.gate_activator.backward(ig))
delta_ct = (delta_k * og *
(1 - tanh_c * tanh_c) * ig *
self.output_activator.backward(ct))
delta_h_prev = (
np.dot(anspose(), self.Woh) +                np.dot(anspose(), self.Wih) +
np.dot(anspose(), self.Wfh) +
np.dot(anspose(), self.Wch)
).transpose()
# 保存全部delta值
self.delta_h_list[k-1] = delta_h_prev
self.delta_f_list[k] = delta_f
self.delta_i_list[k] = delta_i
self.delta_o_list[k] = delta_o
self.delta_ct_list[k] = delta_ct
def calc_gradient(self, x):
# 初始化遗忘门权重梯度矩阵和偏置项
self.Wfh_grad, self.Wfx_grad, self.bf_grad = (            self.init_weight_gradient_mat())
# 初始化输⼊门权重梯度矩阵和偏置项
self.Wih_grad, self.Wix_grad, self.bi_grad = (            self.init_weight_gradient_mat())
# 初始化输出门权重梯度矩阵和偏置项
self.Woh_grad, self.Wox_grad, self.bo_grad = (            self.init_weight_gradient_mat())
# 初始化单元状态权重梯度矩阵和偏置项
self.Wch_grad, self.Wcx_grad, self.bc_grad = (            self.init_weight_gradient_mat())
# 计算对上⼀次输出h的权重梯度
for t in range(self.times, 0, -1):
# 计算各个时刻的梯度
(Wfh_grad, bf_grad,
Wih_grad, bi_grad,
Woh_grad, bo_grad,
Wch_grad, bc_grad) = (
self.calc_gradient_t(t))
# 实际梯度是各时刻梯度之和
self.Wfh_grad += Wfh_grad
self.bf_grad += bf_grad
self.Wih_grad += Wih_grad
self.bi_grad += bi_grad
self.Woh_grad += Woh_grad
self.bo_grad += bo_grad
self.Wch_grad += Wch_grad
self.bc_grad += bc_grad
# 计算对本次输⼊x的权重梯度
xt = x.transpose()
self.Wfx_grad = np.dot(self.delta_f_list[-1], xt)        self.Wix_grad = np.dot(self.delta_i_list[-1], xt)        self.Wox_grad = np.dot(self.delta_o_list[-1], xt)        self.Wcx_grad = np.dot(self.delta_ct_list[-1], xt)
def init_weight_gradient_mat(self):
'''
初始化权重矩阵
'''
Wh_grad = np.zeros((self.state_width,
self.state_width))
Wx_grad = np.zeros((self.state_width,
self.input_width))
b_grad = np.zeros((self.state_width, 1))
return Wh_grad, Wx_grad, b_grad
def calc_gradient_t(self, t):
'''
计算每个时刻t权重的梯度
'''
h_prev = self.h_list[t-1].transpose()
Wfh_grad = np.dot(self.delta_f_list[t], h_prev)        bf_grad = self.delta_f_list[t]
Wih_grad = np.dot(self.delta_i_list[t], h_prev)        bi_grad = self.delta_f_list[t]
Woh_grad = np.dot(self.delta_o_list[t], h_prev)        bo_grad = self.delta_f_list[t]
Wch_grad = np.dot(self.delta_ct_list[t], h_prev)        bc_grad = self.delta_ct_list[t]
return Wfh_grad, bf_grad, Wih_grad, bi_grad, \              Woh_grad, bo_grad, Wch_grad, bc_grad
def reset_state(self):
# 当前时刻初始化为t0
self.times = 0
# 各个时刻的单元状态向量c
self.c_list = self.init_state_vec()
# 各个时刻的输出向量h
self.h_list = self.init_state_vec()
# 各个时刻的遗忘门f
self.f_list = self.init_state_vec()
# 各个时刻的输⼊门i
self.i_list = self.init_state_vec()
# 各个时刻的输出门o
self.o_list = self.init_state_vec()
# 各个时刻的即时状态c~
<_list = self.init_state_vec()
def data_set():
x = [np.array([[1], [2], [3]]),
np.array([[2], [3], [4]])]
d = np.array([[1], [2]])
return x, d
def test():
l = LstmLayer(3, 2, 1e-3)
x, d = data_set()
l.forward(x[0])
l.forward(x[1])
l.backward(x[1], d, IdentityActivator())
return l

版权声明：本站内容均来自互联网，仅供演示用，请勿用于商业和其他非法用途。如果侵犯了您的权益请与我们联系QQ:729038198，我们将在24小时内删除。