一：语文学观点
1：The translation should give a complete transcript of the idea of the original work.
翻译应该对原作做出完整的转述/复制。
2: The style and manner of writing should be of the same character with that of the original.
译文的写作方式和风格应该和原文保持一致。
3: The translation should have all the ease of original composition.
译文应该具有原文所具有的流畅性。
4: Translation should produce a version which may be read with as much pleasure4 as the original, and yet remain faithful to its spirit, sense and style.
译文读起来给人的感受应该和原作一致，并且保持对原作精神，意义和风格上的忠实。
5: Translation, the surmounting of the obstacles, is made possible by an equivalence of thou
paneght that lies behind its different verbal expression.
翻译所要克服的困难是要把有可能被隐藏在不同言语表达背后的对等意义表达出来。
6: Translation is a pane of glass through which we look at the work of art.
翻译是我们能够看到艺术作品的窗户。
二：语言学观点
1： Translation is “ an interpretation of verbal signs by means of some other language “.
翻译是一种用其他语言来阐释另一种语言的语言符号。
2: Translation is “the replacement of textual material in one language (SL) by equivalent textual material in another language “.
翻译是用一种语言材料来替换另一种语言材料的对等文本材料。
3: Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivale
nt of the source-language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style.
翻译是在接受语言中复制原文信息中的自然对等物，第一是语义方面，第二是风格方面。
4: Translation is the replacement of a representation of a text in one language by a representation of an equivalent text in a second language.
翻译是用一种语言表达来替换另一种语言表达中的对等物。
5: Translation is the expression in another language ( or target language ) of what has been expressed in another, source language, preserving semantic and stylistic equivalences.
翻译是用目标语言来表达元语言所表达的东西，并且保留语义上的和风格上的对等。
6:  Translation is the “ transfer of ‘meaning’ from one set of language signs to another set of language signs”.
翻译是把一些语言符号所表达的意义转换到另一种语言中去。
三：功能性理论观点
1：Translation is the production of a functional target text maintaining a relationship with a given source text that is specified according to the intended or demanded function of the target text.
翻译是功能性目标语言的产物，它是为了维持与指定原作的关系,并且是根据原作的目地和需求功能来规定的。
2: Translation is a written communication in a second language having the same meaning as the written communication in a first language.
翻译在第二语言中是一种书面表达，与第一语言在书面表达上有相同的意义。
四：中国翻译家、翻译理论家学者观点
严复：信、达、雅
Translation has to do three difficult things: to be beautiful, expressive, and elegant. It is difficult enough to be faithful to the original, and yet if a translation is not expressive, it is tantamount to having no translation. Hence expressiveness should be required too.
翻译有三大难：信、达、雅。保持原作的信已有足够的难度， 如果译文不能保持原作的信，那么翻译了和没翻译没有什么区别，因此，信也是译文所应该具有的。
The Book Of Changes says that the first requisite of rhetoric is truthfulness; Confucius says that expressiveness is all that matters in language. He adds that if one’s language lacks grace, it won’t go far. These three qualities then are the criterion of good writing and, I believe, of good translation too. Hence besides faithfulness and expressiveness I also aim at elegance.
《易经》中讲道修辞是文章能够使人信服的要素；孔子说达是语言的全部。他还补充道如果一个人的语言缺乏优雅，那么他的文章作品将不会流传很久。我相信， 这三个要素不仅是优秀写作的标准，同样也是优秀译文的标准。因此，除了信和达我也很注重雅。

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