Chapter1
1, what is style in your opinion according to what we have studied in this chapter?
        Anwser1 ,  from the perspective of the content, the events and activities described ,style is saying different things in different ways ;from the perspective of the ways of expression used ,styled is same thing in different ways; from the perspective of the users of language ,style is different speakers using language in different ways; and  from the perspective of the text ,style is the functions of texts for different purposes.
Anwser2,    the definition of style is the concept of style as choice .this definition can have at least too interpretations .one is that  first we have a pre-existing thought ,and then we choice the appropriate type of expression to express it in language. The chosen expression is the style .another is that  the choice refers to the choice of meaning. The choice of language is at the same time a choice of meaning and  a choice of style .
2,what is the significance of studying the style of language in learning and teaching English?
        Anwser,  the answer is that if we want to use language appropriately in different situations , we need to study style .as foreign language learners, if we disregard the rules of using what variety of language in what occasion , or fail to obey them  through ignorance , language can become instead a barrier to successful communication . Therefore its necessary to have a clear awareness of how language should be used in different types of situations especially in unfamiliar situations.
3,  what factors can result in differences in style ?
Answer ,  1, the different types of vocabulary create different images of the events in the reader’s mind, so they can result in different ,people living in different periods of time in history will also speak differently ,and that will result in a different style.
Chapter2
1, explain the following terms
1),foregrounding:  the stylistically significant features have to be prominent and motivated ,t
hat is ,foregrounded.
2),incongruity:  the linguistic features depart from the normal use of language ,breaking the rules grammar ,spelling ,pronunciation.
3)deflection :  the linguistic features don’t depart from the established grammatical, lexical and logical rules and principles ,but have an unexpected high frequency of occurrence.
4),field;    its concerned with what is happening ,including the subject matter,the  events happenings,going-ons, the content ,etc
5)tenor:  its concerned with  who is taking part in the exchange of meaning ----the relationship between the speaker and the listener ,their relative status,their  attitude,and their role relations .
6)mode:    its concerned with how the interaction  is conducted ,that is whether it is written or spoken ,or whether it is expressed by phonic substance or graphic substance.
2,question for discussion
2)in rhetorical series,the number of items can influence the stylistic  to analyze the causes on the basis of social culture.
Answer :different numbers of words can produce different stylistic effects in the appropriate contexts. Two items express assertion ,that is ,it is just this ,not that .In appropriate situations three items  can produce ethic ,persuasive, and  representative effect. Four or more items in a series stress a large number of the concrete things ,and these can produce an imagery in the mind of the reader that the large amount of things constitutes a significant situation in which certain aspect are highlighted. Another function of the rhetorical series is to use concrete items to highlight abstract concepts so that the abstract concept can be expressed in  concrete ,lively and vivid way to enhance the aesthetic value of language.swift中文教程
3)what factors affect the writer’s selection  of words and style
Answer : five criteria for the selection of words :whether they are familiar or not familiar, whether  they are concrete or abstract, whether they are single or more ,whether they are s
hort and simple. Or long. Whether they are Anglo –saxon words or latin words .field ,tenor ,mode affect the writer’s selection  of style.
4)what is the criterion used to classify words
Answer :we can use  more systematic way to classify  word according to register and dialect .register:field ,tenor , mode .dialect: regional dialect,such as London dialect;social dialect such as dialect of age, race, dialect such as od English .
5)through what channels can words be used to achieve transferred meaning?
Answer :simile :x is like Y, eg    as busy as bee.  Metaphor: X is Y ,eg  he is a pig.   

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