Curriculum Acronym List Prepared by DiDi | ||
vACRONYM 缩写 | TERM 全称 | |
(CP) | Confirmation Prototype 确认样车 | |
<FS> | Final Status 最终状态 | |
(J1) | Job 1 整车投产 | |
(PT) | P/T Design Complete 动力传动系统设计结束 P/T Power Train 动力传动 | |
(ST) | Surface Transfer 表面转移 | |
<CC> | Change Cut-Off 更改完结 | |
<LR> | Launch Readiness 投产准备就绪 | |
<LS> | Launch Sign-Off 投产验收 | |
<PA> | Program Approval 项目批准 | |
<PH> | Proportions & Hardpoints 比例与固定点 | |
<PR> | Product Readiness 产品准备就绪 | |
<PS1> | Pre<SI> Milestone 1 SI 前里程碑1 | |
<PS2> | Pre<SI> Milestone 2 SI前里程碑2 | |
<SC> | Strategic Confirmation 策略确认 | |
<SI> | Strategic Intent 策略意向 | |
<SP> | Strategic Planning 策略计划 | |
(SP) | Structural Prototype 样车结构 | |
(TTO) | Tool Try-Out 工装设备试运行 | |
Global 8D | Eight disciplinary Actions 8D 8D | |
14D | More Detailed than Global 8D (used to contain and resolve stop-shipment/recall problems) 比8D 更详细的细节 ( 包括并解决停止运货/召回问题 ) | |
1MIS | One Month in Service 投入使用1个月 | |
1PP | First Production Proveout 第一次试生产 | |
2PP | Second Production Proveout 第二次试生产 | |
3MIS | Three Months in Service 投入使用3个月 | |
4P | Production Process Proveout Program 生产程序难验证项目 | |
AAA | American Automobile Association 美国汽车联合会 | |
ABS | Affordable Business Structure 可承受商业结构 | |
AIAG | Automotive Industry Action Group 机动车工业行动小组 | |
AIC | Accelerated Implementation Centre 快速实施中心 | |
AIM | Automated Issues Matrix 问题结构图 | |
AIMS | Automated Issues Matrix System问题结构图系统 | |
AME | Advanced Manufacturing Engineering 先进制造工艺 | |
AMPPE | Advanced Manufacturing Pre-Program Engineering 先进项目前制造工艺 | |
ANOVA | Analysis of Variance 多样性分析 | |
AP | Attribute Prototype 设计样车 | |
APEAL | Automotive Performance Execution and Layout 机动车性能实施与规化 | |
APQP | Advanced Product Quality Planning 先期产品质量计划 | |
ASQ | American Society for Quality 美国质量协会 | |
AV | Appraiser Variation 评估者的多样性 | |
AVT | Advance Vehicle Technology 先进车辆技术 | |
AWS | Analytical Warranty System 分析性的保修系统 | |
AXOD | Automatic Transaxle Overdrive Transmission 自动变速枢动桥超速档传动系 | |
B&A | Body & Assembly Operations (New Term: Vehicle Operations) 车身与组装操作 ( 新术语: 车辆操作 ) | |
BCG | Business Consumer Group 消费者工作组 | |
BIC | Best in Class 等级中最好的 | |
BIS | Body Shop Information System 车身工作间信息系统 | |
BLI | Business Leadership Initiative 领导层初始想法 | |
BOM | Bill Of Materials 零件清单 | |
BTB | Bumper-to-Bumper 保险杠到保险杠 | |
BTS | Build-To-Schedule 按日程建造 | |
BUR | Business Unit Review 业务小组讨论 | |
CAS | Capacity Analysis Sheet 能力分析表 | |
C/E | Cause & Effect 成因及影响 | |
CA | Customer Attribute 消费者特性 | |
CAD | Computer Aided Design 计算机辅助设计 | |
CAE | Computer Aided Engineering 计算机辅助工程 | |
CAP | Corrective Action Plan 纠正行动计划 | |
CBG | Consumer Business Group 消费者业务小组 | |
CC | Critical Characteristic 关键特性 | |
CC | Change Cut-Off 更改停止 | |
CC | Courtesy Copy 转送 | |
CC | Carbon Copy 副本 | |
CCC | Customer Concern Classification 客户问题分类 | |
CDS | Component Design Specification 零件设计参数 | |
CET | Campaignable Events Team 召回情况小组 | |
CETs | Common External Tariff 普通外部关税 | |
CETP | Corporate Engineering Test Procedures 公司工程测试程序 | |
CFR | Constant Failure Rate 连续故障率 | |
CIM | Computer Integrated Manufacturing 综合计算机工艺的制造 | |
CIWG | Continuous Improvement Work Group 持继改进工作组 | |
CL | Centerline 中心线 | |
CMM | Coordinate Measuring Machine 协调测量设备 | |
CMMS | Common Material Management System 普通材料管理系统 | |
CMMS3 | Common Manufacturing Management System-3 普通制造管理系统-3 | |
Code X | Pre-build focusing on exterior components 建造前集中精力于外部零件 | |
Code Y | Pre-build focusing on interior components 建造前集中精力于内部零件 | |
CP | Common Position 普通位置 | |
Cp | Relates the allowable spread of the specification limits to the measure of the actual variation of the process. 将参数限制允许限度下的展开与程序实际多样性联系起来 | |
CPE | Chief Program Engineer 首席项目工程师 | |
Cpk | Measures the process variation with respect to the allowable specification, and takes into account the location of the process average 测量程序的多样性并将其考虑到程序平均性的位置中 | |
CPU | Cost Per Unit 单位成本 | |
CQDC | Corporate Quality Development Center 质量开发中心 | |
CQIS | Common Quality Indicator System 一般质量指标系统 | |
CR | Concern Responses 问题回复 | |
CRT | Component Review Team 零件讨论组 | |
CSA | Corporate Security Administrator 公司安全管理人员 | |
CSI | Customer Service Index 客户服务指数 | |
DCO | Duty Cycle Output 责任循环结果 | |
DCP | Dynamic Control Planning 动态控制计划 | |
DDL | Direct Data Link 直接数据连接 | |
Df | Degrees of Freedom 自由度 | |
DFA | Design for Assembly 组装设计 | |
DFM | Design for Manufacturability 制造能力设计 | |
DFMEA | Design Failure Mode Effects Analysis 设计故障模式影响分析 | |
DFR | Decreasing Failure Rate 故障降低 | |
DMA | Database Maintenance Administrator 数据库维护管理人员 | |
DOE | Design of Experiment 试验设计 | |
DOM | Dealer Operations Manager 经销商业务经理 | |
DP | Design Parameters 设计参数 | |
DQR | Durability Quality and Reliability 耐久性质量与可靠性 | |
DTD | Dock to Dock 码头至码头 | |
DTD | Design to Delivery 从设计到产品成形 | |
DV | Design Verification 设计验证 | |
DVM | Design Verification Method 设计验证方法 | |
DVP | Design Verification Plan 设计验证计划 | |
DVP&PV | Design Verification Process and Production Validation 设计验证程序与产品确认 | |
DVP&R | Design Verification Plan & Report 设计验证计划与报告 | |
DVPR | Design Verification & Product Reliability 设计验证与产品可靠性 | |
DVPV | Design Verification and Process Verification 设计验证与程序验证 | |
EAO | European Automotive Operations 欧洲机动车协会 | |
EASI | Engineering And Supply Information 工程与供应信息 | |
ECAR | Electronic Connector Acceptability Rating 电子连接接受比率 | |
EDI | Electronic Data Interchange 电子数据交换 | |
EESE | Electrical and Electronic Systems Engineering 电力及电子系统工程 | |
EMM | Expanded Memory Manager 扩展内存经理 | |
EMS | Environmental Management System 环境管理系统 | |
EOL | End of Line 线末 | |
EQI | Extraordinary Quality Initiative 高标准质量标准 | |
ES | Engineering Specifications 工程参数 | |
ESI | Early Supplier Involvement 早期供应商参与 | |
ESP | Extended Service Plan 延期服务计划 | |
ESTA | Early Sourcing Target Agreement 早期选点目标协议 | |
ESWP | Early Sourcing Work Plan 早期选点工作计划 | |
EV | Equipment Variation 设备变更 | |
F&T | Facility & Tooling 工装设备 | |
FACT | Facilitation and Certification Training 简易化及认证培训 | |
FASS | Field Action/Stop Shipment 区域行动 / 停止货运 | |
FA/SS | Field Action/Stop Shipment (Preferred Acronym) 区域行动 / 停止货运(更常使用缩写) | |
FAO | Ford Automotive Operations 福特机动车运作 | |
FAP | Ford Automotive Procedure 福特机动车程序 | |
FAQ | Frequently Asked Questions 经常提出的问题 | |
FCPA | Ford Consumer Product Audit 福特客户产品审核 | |
FCSD | Ford Customer Service Division 福特客户售后服务分支机构 | |
FDVS | Ford Design Verification System 福特设计验证系统 | |
FER | Fresh Eyes Review 行业外人员论证 | |
FER | Final Engineering Review 最终工程论证 | |
FEU | Field Evaluation Unit 区域评估组 | |
FIFO | First in First Out 先进先出 | |
FMEA | Failure Mode Effects Analysis 故障模式影响分析 | |
FMVSS | Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards 联邦机动车安全标准 | |
FPDS | Ford Product Development System 福特产品开发系统 | |
FPS | Ford Production System 福特生产系统 | |
FPSI | Ford Production System Institute 福特生产系统学院 | |
FPS IT | Ford Production System Information Technology 福特生产系统信息技术 | |
FOB | Ford of Britain 英国福特 | |
FQRs | Frequent Quality Rejects 经常性质量不合格品 | |
FR | Functional Requirements 功能要求 | |
FRG | FAO Reliability Guide FAO 可靠性指导 | |
FS | Final Sign-off 最终验收 | |
FSIC | Ford System Integration Council 福特系统综合协会 | |
FSN | Ford Supplier Network 福特经销商网络 | |
FSS | Full Service Suppliers 全面服务经销商 | |
FTDC | Fairlane Training and Development Center 培训及开发中心 | |
FTEP | Ford Technical Educational Program 福特技术培训项目 | |
FTT | First Time Through 第一次通过 | |
FUNC-APPRV | Functional Approvals 功能批准 | |
FVEP | Finished Vehicle Evaluation Program 下线车辆评估项目 | |
GAP | Global Architecture Process 全球建筑设计程序 | |
Global 8D | Global 8D 全球8D | |
GC | Global Craftsmanship 全球精湛工艺 | |
GCARS | Global Craftsmanship Attribute Rating System 全球技术特性评分系统 | |
GCEQ | Global Core Engineering Quality 全球核心工程质量 | |
GEM | Generic Electronic Module 普通电子模式 | |
GIS1 | Global Information Standards 全球信息标准 | |
GPIRS | Global Prototype Inventory Requisition and Scheduling 全球样车库存及控制安排 | |
GPP | Global Parts Pricing 全球零件价格 | |
GQRS | Global Quality Research System 全球质量调查系统 | |
GRC | UN-ECE Group des Raporteurs de Ceintures 安全带规划小组 | |
GRC | Government Regulations Coordinator 政府规定协调者 | |
GR&R | Gage Repeatability and Reproducibility 量具反复使用性及再生产性 | |
GRVW | Gross Vehicle Weight 车辆总重 | |
GSDB | Global Supplier Database 全球供应商数据库 | |
GSSM | Global Sourcing Stakeholders Meeting 全球选点风险承担者会议 | |
GYR | Green-Yellow-Red 绿-黄-红 | |
HI | High-Impact 重大影响 | |
HIC | High-Impact Characteristics 重大影响特性 | |
HR | Human Resources 人力资源 | |
HTFB | Hard Tooled Functional Build 成形机功能建造 | |
HVAC | Heating Ventilating and Air Conditioning 热通风与空调 | |
ICA | Interim Containment Action 过渡性补救措施 | |
ICCD | Intensified Customer Concern Database 强化的客户问题数据库 | |
ICCD CRS | Intensified Customer Concern Database Concern Resolution Specialist 客户问题数据库解决问题专员 | |
IE | Industrial Engineer 工业工程师 | |
IFR | Increasing Failure Rate 增长故障率 | |
ILVS | In-Line Vehicle Sequencing 车辆顺序 | |
IM | Industrial Materials 工业材料 | |
IP | Instrument Panel 仪表板 | |
IPD | In Plant Date 到厂日 | |
IQ | Incoming Quality 进厂材料质量 | |
IQS2 | Initial Quality Study 初始质量研讨 | |
IR | Internal Reject 内部退回 | |
ISO | International Organization for Standardization 国际标准化组织 | |
ISPC | In-Station Process Controls 内部各方面程序控制 | |
JIT | Just in Time 及时 | |
JPH | Jobs Per Hour 每小时工作量 | |
JSA | Job Safety Analysis 工作安全分析 | |
KKK | PSW not ready for inspection PSW 未准备好进行检验 | |
KLT | Key Life Test 主要使用期限测试 | |
KO | Kickoff 起动 | |
LCL | Lower Control Limit 低控制限度 | |
LDEM | Lean Design Evaluation Matrix 设计评估表 | |
LOA | Letter of Agreement 协议书 | |
LP&T | Launch Planning & Training 投产计划与培训 | |
LR | Launch Readiness 投产就绪 | |
LRR | Launch Readiness Review 投产就绪讨论 | |
LS | Launch Sign-Off 投产验收 | |
LSL | Lower Specification Limit 低参数限制 | |
LTDB | Light Truck Data Base 轻型卡车数据库 | |
MBJ1 | Months Before Job One Job 1 前数月 | |
MBO | Manufacturing Business Office 制造办公室 | |
ME | Manufacturing Engineering 制造工程 | |
MIS | Months in Service 使用中的月份 | |
MMSA | Material Management System Assessment 材料管理系统评估 | |
MP&L | Materials, Planning and Logistics 材料,计划与物流 | |
MPPS | Manufacturing Process Planning System 制造程序计划系统 | |
MOD | Module 模式 | |
MRB | Material Review Board 材料论证板 | |
MRD | Material Required Date 材料要求到厂日 | |
MS | Material Specifications 材料参数 | |
MS3(MSIII) | Material Supply Version III 材料供应 ( 第三版) | |
MTC | Manage the Change 管理更改 | |
MY | Model Year 车辆型号年 | |
NAAO | North American Automotive Operations 北美汽车业协会 | |
NFM | Noise Factor Management 噪声管理 | |
NIST | National Institute of Standards and Testing 全国标准与测试所 | |
NMPDC | New Model Program Development Center 新车型项目开发中心 | |
Nova C | New Overall Vehicle Audit 新的车辆总审核 | |
NTEI | New Tooled End Items 使用新工装设备加工的部件 | |
NVH | Noise, Vibration, Harshness 噪声,振动,操作生硬 | |
OCM | Operating Committee Meeting 操做委员会会议 | |
OEE | Overall Equipment Efficiency 总体设备高效性 | |
OEM | Original Equipment Manufacturer 设备生产原始厂家 | |
ONP | Owner Notification Program 车主通知项目 | |
OS | Operator Safety 操作者安全 | |
OTG | Open to Go 可进行 | |
P Diagrams | Parameter Diagrams 参数图表 | |
P/T | Powertrain 动力传动系统 | |
PA | Program Approval 项目批准 | |
PAG | Premier Automotive Group 首要机动车工作组 | |
PAL | Project Attribute Leadership 项目特性领导层 | |
PAT | Program Activity Team, Program Attribute Team, or Program Action Team 项目行动小组,项目特性小组或项目行动小组 | |
PCA | Permanent Corrective Action 永久改正行动 | |
PCI | Product Change Information 产品更改信息 | |
PD | Product Development 产品开发 | |
PDL | Program Design Language 项目设计语言 | |
PD Q1 | Product Development Q1 产品开发Q1 | |
PDSA | Plan, Do, Study, Act 计划, 做,研讨,实施 | |
PFMEA | Process Failure Mode Effects Analysis 程序故障模式影响分析 | |
PI | Process Improvement 程序改进 | |
PIPC | Percentage of Ppk Indices Process Capable PPK 指数程序能力百分比 | |
PIST | Percentage of Inspection Point That Satisfy Tolerance 符合公差的检查点百分比 | |
PM | Program Manger 项目经理 | |
PMA | Project Management Analyst 项目管理分析人员 | |
PMT | Program Management Team or Program Module Team 项目管理小组或项目模式组 | |
PO | Purchase Order 订购单 | |
POC | Point of Contact 联系点 | |
POT | Process Ownership Team 程序所有小组 | |
Pp | Process Potential 程序潜力 | |
PP&T | Product Planning & Technology 产品计划与技术 | |
PPAP | Production Part Approval Process 生产零件批准程序 | |
Ppk | Process Capability 程序能力 | |
PPC | Product Planning Committee 项目计划委员会 | |
PPL | Program Parts List 产品零件清单 | |
PPM | Parts per Million (applied to defective Supplier parts) 每百万零件所占比率 ( 适用于不合格供应商零件 ) | |
PPPM | Program and Pre-Production Management 项目与投产前管理 | |
PR | Public Relations 公共关系 | |
PR | Product Requirement 产品要求 | |
PR | Product Readiness Milestone 产品就绪里程 | |
PSO | Production Standard Order 生产标准订单 | |
PSS | Private Switching Service | |
PST | Program Steering Team 项目指导小组 | |
PSW | Part Submission Warrant 零件质量合格验收 | |
PTO | Powertrain Operations 动力传动系统操作 | |
PTR | Platinum Resistance Thermometer 铂金电阻温度计 | |
PV | Production Validation 生产确认 | |
PV | Process Variables 程序变更 | |
PV | Part Variation 零件变更 | |
PVBR | Prototype Vehicle Build Requirements 样车建造要求 | |
PVM | Production Validation Method 生产确认方法 | |
PVP | Powertrain Validation Program 动力系统确认项目 | |
PVT | Product Vehicle Team or Plant Vehicle Team 产品车辆组或工厂车辆组 | |
QA | Quality Assurance 确保质量 | |
QC | Quality Control 质量控制 | |
QCT | Quality Cost Timing 质量成本时间节点 | |
QFD | Quality Function Deployment 质量功能配备 | |
QFTF | Quality Focused Test Fleet 测试质量组 | |
QLS | Quality Leadership System 质量领导系统 | |
QMS | Quality Management System 质量管理系统 | |
QOS | Quality Operating System 质量运作系统 | |
QOE | Quality of Event 活动质量 | |
QPM | Quality Program Manager 质量项目经理 | |
QPS | Quality Process System 质量程序系统 | |
QR | Quality Reject 质量不合格 | |
QS-9000 | Quality Systems – 9000 质量系统-9000 | |
QSA-PD | Quality System Assessment for Product Development 产品开发质量系统评估 | |
QTM | Quality Team Member 质量小组成员 | |
QVA | Quality-Focused Value Analysis Workshop 以质量为中心价值分析工作间 | |
R | Range 范围 | |
R&M | Reliability and Maintainability 可靠性与可维护性 | |
RMS | Resource Management System 资源管理系统 | |
R&R | Repeatability and Reproducibility 重复使用性与再生产性 | |
R&R | Roles and Responsibilities 作用与责任 | |
R&VT | Research & Vehicle Technology 研究与车辆技术 | |
R/1000 | Repairs per thousand 维修率/每千 | |
RAP | Remote Anti-theft Personality module 摇控防盗个人化模式 | |
REDPEPR | Robust Engineering Design Process Enabler Project 强劲工程设计程序 | |
RIE | Reliability Improvement Engineer 可靠性改进工程师 | |
ROA | Return on Assets 资产回报 | |
ROCOF | Rate of Occurrence of Failure 故障发生率 | |
RPN | Risk Priority Number 优先考虑风险编号 | |
RRCL | Reliability and Robustness Check List 可靠性与强劲性检查清单 | |
RRDM | Reliability and Robustness Demonstration Matrix 可靠性与强劲性演示图表 | |
RRR | PSW rejected PSW 不合格品 | |
RWUP | Real World Usage Profile 现实生活中使用记录 | |
S | Standard deviation 标准偏差 | |
s2 | Variance 多样性 | |
SC | Significant Characteristics 重要特性 | |
SCs/CCs | Significant Characteristics/Critical Characteristics 重要特性/关键特性 | |
SCAC | Supplier Craftsmanship Advisory Committee 供应商技术咨询委员会 | |
SCTs | Strategic Commodity Teams 策略性商品术语 | |
SDS | System Design Specifications 系统设计参数 | |
SDS | Subsystem Design Specification 子系统设计参数 | |
SEVA | Systems Engineering Value Analysis 系统工程价值分析 | |
SHARP | Safety and Health Assessment Review Process 安全与健康评估讨论程序 | |
SI | Systeme International des Unit 国际系统单位 | |
SIM | Supplier Improvement Metrics 供应商改进衡量标准 | |
SMART | Synchronous Material and Replenishment Trigger 同步材料与补给霞起动 | |
SME | Subject Matter Expert 分项目专家 | |
SMF | Synchronous Material Flow 同步材料流程 | |
SOW | Statement of Work 工作声明 | |
SP/AP | Structural Prototype/Attribute Prototype 样车 / 样车特性 | |
SP&PI | Strategic Process & Product Improvement 策略性程序与产品改进 | |
SPC | Special Product Committee 特殊产品委员会 | |
SPC | Statistical Process Control 统计程序控制 | |
SPROM | Sample Promise Date 保证样品到货日 | |
SREA | Supplier Request for Engineering Approval 供应商要求工程改进 | |
SRI | Supplier Responsible Issues 供应商应负责问题 | |
SSI | Sales Satisfaction Index 销售满意指标 | |
SSM | Strategic Sourcing Meeting 策略选点会议 | |
ST | Surface Transfer 表面转移 | |
STA | Supplier Technical Assistance 供应商技术支持 | |
STARS | Supplier Tracking and Reporting System 供应商跟踪及报告系统 | |
SVC | Small Vehicle Center 小型车中心 | |
TA | Target Agreement 目标协议 | |
TAP | Target Achievement Plan 目标达成计划 | |
TCM | Total Cost Management 总成本管理 | |
TED | Things Engineers Do 工程师会做的事 | |
TEG | Tooling and Equipment Group 工装及设备小组 | |
TEM | Total Equipment Management 全部设备管理 | |
TGR | Things Gone Right 事态发展正确 | |
TGW | Things Gone Wrong事态发展错误 | |
TIS | Time in Service 服务期限 | |
TOC | Table of Contents 目录 | |
TPM | Total Productive Maintenance 全部生产维护 | |
TPPS | Torque Process Potential Study 扭矩程序潜力分析 | |
TQC | True Quality Characteristics 真实质量特性 | |
TRIZ (Russian) | Theory of Inventive Problem Solving 问题解决理论 | |
TRMC | Timing, Release and Material Control (also known as Tar-Mac) 时间,发布及材料控制 ( 即Tac-Mac ) | |
TS-16949 | Technical Specification – 16949 技术参数 - 16949 | |
TSP | Technical Skills Program 技术性技能项目 | |
UCL | Upper Control Limit 控制上限 | |
USL | Upper Specification Limit 参数上限 | |
V/C | Very or Completely Satisfied 非常或完全满意 | |
VC | Vehicle Center 车辆中心 | |
VC Buyer | Vehicle Center Buyer (now Consumer Business Group Buyer) 客户商务集体购买者 | |
VDI | Vehicle Dependability Index 车辆可靠性指数 | |
VDS | Vehicle Design Specifications 车辆设计参数 | |
VDS | Vehicle Descriptor Section 车辆描述组 | |
VER | Vehicle Evaluation Ratings 车辆评估等级 | |
VFG | Vehicle Function Group 车辆性能组 | |
VIN | Vehicle Identification Number 车辆识别号码 | |
VLD | Vehicle Line Director 车辆生产线总监 | |
VO | Vehicle Office 车辆办公室 | |
VO | Vehicle Operations 车辆运作 | |
VOGO | Vehicle Operations General Office 车辆运作总办公室 | |
VP | Vice President 副总裁 | |
VPMC | Vehicle Project Management Coordinator 汽车项目管理协调员 | |
VPP | Vehicle Program Plan 车辆项目计划 | |
VQL | Vehicle Quality Level 车辆质量级别 | |
VQR | Vehicle Quality Review 车辆质量讨论 | |
VRT | Vehicle Review Team 车辆讨论小组 | |
VRT | Variability Reduction Team 减少差异小组 | |
VRT | Vehicle Reduction Team 车辆减产小组 | |
WAS | Work Analysis Sheet 工作分析表 | |
WCR | Worldwide Customer Requirements 全球用户要求 | |
WERS | Worldwide Engineering Release System 全球工程发布系统 | |
WIP | Work In Progress 进展中的工作 | |
WMI | World Manufacturing Identifier 全球生产认证者 | |
WPRC | Warranty Parts Return Center 维修部件返回中心 | |
YS/YC | Potential Significant and Critical Characteristics 潜在有意义及关键特性 | |
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