《英国文学史及选读》第一册复习要点
1. Beowulf: national epic of the English people; Denmark story; alliteration, metaphors and understatements （此处可能会有填空，选择等小题）
2. Romance （名词解释）
3. “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight”: a famous roman about King Arthur’s story
4. Ballad（名词解释，歌谣，民谣）
5. Character of Robin Hood
6. Geoffrey Chaucer: founder of English poetry; The Canterbury Tales (main contents; 124 stories planned, only 24 finished; written in Middle English; significance; form: heroic couplet)
7. Heroic couplet (名词解释，英雄偶句诗)8. Renaissance（名词解释）
9.Thomas More——Utopia
10. Sonnet（名词解释）11. Blank verse（名词解释）12. Edmund Spenser  “The Faerie Queene”
13. Francis Bacon “essays” esp. “Of Studies”（推荐阅读，学习写正式语体的英文文章的好参照，本文用词正式优雅，多排比句和长句，语言造诣非常高，里面很多话都可以引用做格言警句，非常值得一读）
14. William Shakespeare四大悲剧比较重要，此外就是罗密欧与朱立叶了，这些剧的主题，背景，情节，人物形象都要熟悉，当然他最重要的是Hamlet这是肯定的。他的sonnet也很重要，最重要属sonnet18。（其戏剧中著名对白和几首有名的十四行诗可能会出选读）
15. John Milton 三大史诗非常重要，特别是Paradise Lost和Samson Agonistes。对于Paradise Lost需要知道它是blank verse写成的，故事情节来自Old Testament，另外要知道此书theme和Satan的形象。
16. John Bunyan——The Pilgrim’s Progress
17. Founder of the Metaphysical school——John Donne; features of the school: philosophical poems, complex rhythms and strange images.
18. Enlightenment（名词解释）
19. Neoclassicism（名词解释）
20. Richard Steele——“The Tatler”
21. Joseph Addison——“The Spectator”这个比上面那个要重要，注意这个报纸和我们今天的报纸不一样，它虚构了一系列的人物，以这些人物的口气来写报纸上刊登的散文，这一部分要仔细读。
22. Steel’s and Addison’s styles and their contributions
23. Alexander Pope: “Essay on Criticism”, “Essay on Man”, “The Rape of
Lock”, “The Dunciad”; his workmanship (features) and limitations
24. Jonathan Swift: “Gulliver’s Travels”此书非常重要，要知道具体内容，就是Gulliver游历过的四个地方的英文名称，和每个部分具体的讽刺对象; （我们主要讲了三个地方）“A Modest Proposal”比较重要，要注意作者用的irony也就是反讽手法。
25. The rise and growth of the realistic novel is the most prominent achievement of 18th century English literature.
26. Daniel Defoe: “Robinson Crusoe”, “Moll Flanders”, 当然是Robinson Crusoe比较重要，剧情要清楚， Robinson Crusoe的形象和故事中蕴涵的早期黑奴的原形，以及殖民主义的萌芽。另外注意Defoe的style和feature，另外Defoe是forerunner of English realistic novel。
27. Samuel Richardson——“Pamela” (first epistolary novel), “Clarissa Harlowe”, “Sir Charles Grandison”
28. Henry Fielding: “Joseph Andrews”, “Jonathan Wild”, “Tom Jones”第一个和第三个比较重要，需要仔细看。他是一个比较重要的作家，另外Fielding也被称为father of the English novel.
29. Laurence Sterne——“Tristram Shandy”项狄传
30. Richard Sheridan——“The School for Scandal”
31. Oliver Goldsmith——“The Traveller”(poem), “The Deserted Village”(poem) (both two poems were written by heroic couplet), “The Vicar of Wakefield” (novel), “The Good-Natured Man” (comedy), “She stoops to Conquer” (comedy), “The Citizen of the World” (collection of essays)
32. Sentimentalism（名词解释）
33. Thomas Gray——“Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard”（英国诗歌里非常著名的一首，曾经被誉为“有史以来英国诗歌里最好的一首”）(a representative of sentimentalism and graveyard school of poets墓园派诗人) * Graveyard School / Poets”: A term applied to eighteenth-century poets who wrote meditative poems, usually set in a graveyard, on the theme of human mortality, in moods which rang
e from elegiac pensiveness to profound gloom. The vogue resulted in one of the most widely known English poems, Thomas Gray’s “Elegy written in a country churchyard”. The writing of graveyard poems spread from England to Continental literature in the second part of the century and also influenced some American poets.
34. In the latter half of the 18th century, Pre-Romanticism; representative: William Blake and Robert Burns.
35. Thomas Percy——“Reliques of Ancient English poetry”许多中古的民谣都是在这个时期重新收集和整理起来的，这个集子是那个时代比较有
名的一个民谣集。
36. William Blake比较重要，需要对主要作品有所了解，特别是Songs of Innocence 和Songs of Experience, 这两本集子的contrast一定要注意，另外Blake的写作特点也要注意，比如语言的简单明了，神秘主义氛围等。
37. Robert Burns伟大的苏格兰民族诗人, A Red Red Rose, Scots Wha Hae, Auld Lang Syne等名诗，写作特点: Scottish dialect; a poet of peasant and Scottish people; plain language; influence from Scottish folk songs and ballads; musical quality of his poems.
Exercise One
I.  Select from the 4 choices the one that best answers the questions or completes the statements.
1.  Beowulf is a national epic of _______.
a. Germany
b. England
c. Scandinavia
d. France
2.  Beowulf fought against all of the following figures except _____.
a. Green knight
b. Fire dragon
c. Grendel
d. Grendel’s mother
3.  Beowulf is characterized by one of the following striking features _______.
a. use of simile
b. alliteration
c. satire
d. irony
4.  Beowulf was written down in the ______.
a. 8th century
b. 9th century
c. 10th century
d. 11th century
5.  Sir Gawain and Green knight was created by ______.
a. Chaucer
b. Langland
c. Bede
d. None of the above
6.  Piers the Plowman is similar to the work in form written by _____.
a. Chaucer
b. Shakespeare
c. Marlory
steeled. Bunyan
7. Besides the Ballads, one of the following works remained a form of popular literature in the medieval England _____.
a. Troilus and Criseyde
b. Piers the Plowman
c. Sir Gawain and Green Knight
d. Le Morte D’ Arthur
8. The pilgrims went to Canterbury in order to ______.
a. visit the city
b. worship Thomas a Becket
c. do business
d. worship Jesus Christ
9. According to the original plan, Chaucer expected to finish ______.
a. 120 stories
b. 100 stories
c. 140 stories
d. 130 stories
10.  The one who proposed the story telling in the Canterbury Tales is _____.
a. the poet
b. the knight
c. the boss
d. the monk
11.  Chaucer is called the founder of English realism because he describes the classes of English feudal society except ______.
a. businessman and teachers
b. nobles and yeoman
c. plowman and royal members
d. kings and serfs
12. One of the following events played a greater part in Chaucer’s writing _____.
a. his marriage with a girl of the noble family
b. his visit to Italy
c. his duty as controller of customs
d. his participation in the Hundred Years’ War
13. The language used by Chaucer is called ______.
a. old English
b. middle English
c. modern English
d. contemporary English
14. Robin Hood is similar to King Arthur in that _____.
a. both of them are Welsh men
b. both of them are legendary figures
c. both of them are historical figures
d. both of them are half historical and half legendary
15. The success of the Canterbury Tales lies in the use of the following except _______.
a. use of couplet
b. portrayal of characters
c. use of alliteration
d. construction of plot
16. Chaucer’s contribution to English literature lies in the fact that he introduced the rhymed stanzas from France and that he ____.
a. made London dialect foundation of modern English
b. wrote the first English blank verse
c. wrote the English sonnet
d. made London dialect foundation of medieval English
17. Test of courage, faith, and loyalty is the theme of a ______.
a. romance
b. play
c. novel
d. ballad
18. Le Morte d’ Arthur describes the war, the tournament, illicit love and the quest for _____.
a. Christ
b. the Sangreal
c. Bible
d. King Arthur
II.      Fill in the blanks
After he went blind, Milton wrote and finished his three great works:epic masterpieces _________and ________and one biblical tragedy ___________.
The old English can be divided into two groups: the ________poetry and the ________poetry.
3. _________is regarded as the “Father of English Song”, the first known religious poet of England.
4. _________the most prevailing literary form in the Middle Ages.
5. The most magnificent prose work of the 15th century is Morte d’ Arthur concerning with ____-_____legend.
6. Critics tend to divide Chaucer’s literary into three periods: the _________ period, the ____-_____period and the _________period.
7. The Canterbury Tales contains the _________and 24 tales, two of which left unfinished.
8. Chaucer employed the _________couplet in writing his greatest work The Canterbury Tales
9. When Chaucer died on the 25th of October 1400, he was the first to be buried in _________.
10. Shakespeare’s plays have been traditionally divided into four categories according to dramatic type: histories, _________, tragedies and _________.
11. Edmund Spenser is often referred to as “the poets” _________because of his considerable influence on later poets.
12. Edmund Spenser’s best known poem The Shepherd’s Calendar consists of 12_________poems or eclogues, one for each month of the year.
13. _________is considered the first English dramatist and the most important Elizabethan playwright before Shakespeare.
14. Shakespeare’s 154 sonnets fall into two series: one series are addressed to W.H, a young man, and the other addressed to _________.
15. A Shakespearean sonnet is composed of three four-line quatrains and a concluding two-line ____-_____.
III.    Match the writers with their works.
1. Shakespeare                    a. Paradise Lost
2. Chaucer                        b. Piers the Plowman
3. Malory                        c. Alchemist
4. Langland                      d. The Taming of the Shrew
5. Marlowe                        e. Dr. Faustus
6. Jonson                        f. Le Morte d’ Arthur
7. Sidney                        g. The Pilgrim’s Progress
8. Spenser                        h. The Canterbury Tales
9. Bunyan                        i. The Faerie Queene
10. Milton                        j. Astrophel and Stella
VI. Terms.

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