Basic movement 基础运动
Flexion 屈曲
Extension 伸直
Adduction 内收
Abduction 外展
External/internal rotation 外旋、内旋
Dorsiflexion 背屈
Plantar flexion 跖屈
Eversion 外翻
Inversion 内翻
Protraction 前伸
Retraction 后缩
Elevation 上提
Depression 下压
Anterior/posterior pelvic tilt (APT/ PPT) 前倾、后倾
sagittal plane 矢状面
coronal/frontal plane 冠状面、额状面
horizontal plane 水平面
External/Lateral rotation 外旋
Internal/Medial rotation 内旋
Lateral shift 侧移
Lateral gliding 侧滑
Supination 旋后pronation 旋前
骨骼
Cervical vertebrae 颈椎 Thoracic vertebra 胸椎
lumbar vertebra 腰椎 sacrum 骶骨
coccyx 尾骨 the atlas 寰椎
the axis 枢椎 transverse foramen 横突孔
vertebral foramen 锥孔 spinous process 棘突
occipital bone 枕骨 Dens 齿突
atlantooccipital joint 寰枕关节 atlantoaxial joint 寰枢关节
costal arch 肋弓 clavicle 锁骨
xiphoid process 剑突 sternoclavicular joint 胸锁关节
sternocostal joint 胸肋关节 hip 髋
spine of scapula 肩胛冈 iliac crest 髂嵴
ligament flava 黄韧带 anterior longitudinal lig. 前纵韧带
posterior longitudinal lig. 后纵韧带 intervertebral disc 椎间盘
nucleus pulposus 髓核 annulus fiberous 纤维环
Core muscles 核心肌 thoracolumbar fascia 胸腰筋膜
Coupled movement 耦合动作
肌肉
Trapezius 斜方肌
Scalenus 斜角肌
Long capitis 头长肌
Long colli 颈长肌
Sternocleidomastoid 胸锁乳突肌
Teres minor 小圆肌
Teres major 大圆肌
Rhomboideus major 大菱形肌
Rhomboideus minor 小菱形肌
Latissimus dorsi 背阔肌
Obliquus externus abdominis 腹外斜肌
Obliquus internus abdominis 腹内斜肌
Gluteus maximus 臀大肌
Levator scapular 肩胛提肌
Serratus anterior 前锯肌
Supraspinatus 冈上肌
Infraspinatus 冈下肌
Spinalis 棘肌
Longissimus 最长肌
Quadratus lumborum 腰方肌
Multifidi 多裂肌
Rectus abdominis 腹直肌
Transversus abdominis 腹横肌
Psoas major 腰大肌
Psoas minor 腰小肌
Diaphragm 膈肌
pelvic floor muscle 盆底肌
rectus femoris 股直肌
iliotibial tract 髂胫束
Sartorius 缝匠肌
Iliopsoas 髂腰肌
Hamstring 腘绳肌
Piriformis 梨状肌
Rectus femoris 股直肌
Tensor fosica latae 阔筋膜张肌
疾病
Kyphosis 驼背
Lordosis 脊柱前凸
Flat back 平背
Relaxed posture 懒人姿势
lumbar disc herniation 腰椎间盘突出
lumbar spondylolisthesis 腰椎滑脱
Scoliosis 脊柱侧弯
Forward head 头前伸
Sway back 摇摆背
Piriformis Syndrome 梨状肌综合征
spinal canal stenosis 椎管狭窄
disc degeneration 椎间盘退行性病变
Vertebral hyperplasia 椎体增生
Segmental intervertebral instability 椎间失稳
Osteoporosis 骨质疏松
Kissing lumbar spinal process 棘突碰撞
Centralization 症状向心化
Peripheralization 症状周围化
Referred pain 牵涉痛
Straight leg raising 直腿抬高
Facet sprain 小关节面扭伤
Neurogenic claudication 神经性跛行
tiltNon specific back pain 非特异性腰痛
Muscle pain syndrome 肌肉疼痛症候
Myelopathy 脊髓病变
Radiculopathy 神经根病变
Cauda equine syndrome 马尾综合症
Severity 严重程度
Irritability 发炎程度
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