Part II. The Literature of Reason and Revolution
I. Fill in the blanks.
1. The War of Independence lasted eight years till_____.
2. The United States of America was founded in _____.
3. Benjamin Franklin also edited the first colonial magazine, which he called _____.
4. Benjamin Franklin' s best writing is found in his masterpiece ________ .
5. Thomas Paine, with his natural gift for pamphleteering and rebellion, was appropriately born into an age of____________ .
6. On January 10, 1776, Thomas Paine's famous pamphlet ________ appeared.
7. A series of sixteen pamphlets by Thomas Paine was entitled _____________ .
8. Thomas Paine's second most important work_____________ was an impassioned plea
against hereditary monarchy.
9. The most outstanding poet in America of the 18th century was _____________ .
10. Philip Freneau' s famous poem____________ was written about his imprisoned experience.
11. ___________ was considered as the " poet of the American Revolution. "
12. _________ has been called the "Father of American Poetry. "
13. In 1791, probably with Thomas Jefferson's support, ___________ established in Philadelphia the National Gazette.
14. In American literature, the eighteenth century was an Age of _________ and Revolution.
15. The Calvinist beliefs brought about the Great Awakening during the 1730s and 1740s. _________ was the most influential among the believers.
16. Jonathan Edwards' work Images or Shadows of Divine Things anticipated the nature symbolism of___________ in the 19th century. we say Jonathan Edwards represents the upper levels of the American mind, _________ represents the lower levels.
II. Decide whether the statements are true or false.
1. The War of Independence lasted for eight years and ended in the formation of a Federative bourgeois democratic republic, that is, the United States of America.
2. The War of Independence was a revolution, but it was the bourgeoisie that reaped its fruits. The rulers of the new state were hostile to the laboring people.
3. At the initial period the spread of ideas of the American Enlightenment was largely due to journalism.
4. Benjamin Franklin seemed to represent the age of reason and revolution in his paradoxical faith in both social order and in natural rights, in love of stability and devotion to revolutionary change.
5. Benjamin Franklin was a prose stylist whose writing reflected the neoclassic ideals of clarity, restraint, simplicity and balance.
6. Benjamin Franklin was the epitome of the Enlightenment, the versatile, practical embodiment of rational man in the 18th century.
7. In Philadelphia, Benjamin Franklin edited Pennsylvania Magazine, and contributed to Pennsylvania Journal.
8. Common Sense boldly advocated a Declaration of Independence.
9. For the pamphlet Common Sense, Thomas Paine was charged with treason and fled to France, where he was made a citizen. steele
10. Thomas Paine also edited the first colonial magazine The General Magazine.
11. Philip Freneau was the most important writer in American poetry of the eighteenth century.
12. American poetry of the eighteenth century has an imitative character, imitating the reigning English models of the eighteenth century.
13. Philip Freneau was a close friend and political associate of President Thom as Jefferson.
14. Philip Freneau was once captured by the British and spent some time on a prison ship.
15. Philip Freneau wrote impassioned verse in support of the American Revolution.
16. Like Thomas Paine, Philip Freneau was a strong supporter of the French Revolution.
17. Philip Freneau was noteworthy first because of the nature of his poems. They were truly American and very patriotic.  In this aspect, he reflected the spirit of his age.
18. Philip Freneau was neoclassical by training and taste yet romantic in essential spirit.
19. Most American literature in the eighteenth century was political.
20. During the 1770s no one in America could claim to be a professional novelist, poet, or playwright.
III. Make multiple choices.
1.  In American literature, the eighteenth century was the age of the Enlightenment. _________ was the dominant spirit.
A. Humanism                                               
B. Rationalism
C. Revolution                                                 
D. Evolution
 
2.  In American literature, the Enlighteners were opposed to ________ .
A. the colonial order                                   

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