易成教育个性化辅导讲义
教师姓名 | 瞿芳 | 学科 | 英语 | 上课时间 | 讲义序号 | ||
学生姓名 | 年级 | 组长签字 | 日期 | ||||
课题名称 | 十大词性之构词法(1) | ||||||
教学目标 | 认知构词法的分类 掌握常见的词缀 | ||||||
教学重点 难点 | 熟记常见的词缀合成 | ||||||
课前检查 | 作业完成情况:优□ 良□ 中□ 差□ 建议__________________________________________ | ||||||
教学过程 | 词汇是学习语言的基础,理解和掌握构词法可以提高记忆单词的效率,有助于我们扩大词汇量。 英语构词法主要有:合成转化法、派生法、混成法,截短法和首字母缩略法,其中前三种最重要。 一、合成(Compounding) 由两个或更多的词合成一个词,有的用连词符号“一”连接,有的直接连写在一起。合成法主要有: (1)合成名词: ①n+nn classroom, schoolyard, spaceship, newspaper,postman, housewife, 等。 ②adj +nn mainland, blackboard,gentleman, newcomer(新来者),best-seller(畅销书), shorthand( 速记) ③v+nn pickpocket(扒手),breakwater(防水堤), runway(跑道),rush-hour(高峰时间), rubstone(磨刀石) ④-ing+n n reading-room, waiting-room, sleeping-pill(安眼药), writing desk ⑤adv / prep +n n afternoon, onlooker(旁观者) ⑥n+ingn handwriting(书法),sightseeing, horse riding, sun—bathing(日光浴) ⑦n+advn passer-by (过路人) breakthrough(重大突破) get-together, turn-off(断开), ,breakdown(衰落) ⑧adv+vn outbreak(爆发), output(输出),input, downfall(垮台) ⑨n+介词短语n father-in-law(岳父),son-in-law(女婿), command-in-chief(总司令),comrade-in-arms(战友) (2)合成形容词 ①adj / 数词+ n+-ed adj kind-hearted, cold-blooded, write-haired, middle-aged, one-eyed (独眼的),three-legged ②adj+-ing adj good-looking (相貌好看的),easy-going(随和的),English-speaking, ③adj+nadj low-price, high-class(高级的),second-hand(旧的), everyday,large-scale(大规模) ④n+adjadj lifelong(终生的),nationwide(全国性的),worldwide, world-famous, color-blind(盲的),airsick(晕飞机的) ⑤n+ 分词adj man-made, state-owned(国有的), radio-equipped, sunburned(晒黑的) peace-loving(热爱和平的)fun-loving(爱开玩笑的) ⑥adv+分词adj well-known, widespread (分布广的),well-informed(消息灵通的),hard-working(勤劳的) Far-reaching(深远的)long-lasting(耐用的) (3)合成动词 ①adv +vv overthrow(推翻),undergo(经历),uphold(高举), overhear(无意),output(输出),input, ②n+vv sleep-walk(梦游),daydream(做白日梦),spoonfeed(填鸭式灌输),sun-bathe, mess-produce (大规模生产) ③adj+vv whitewash(粉刷),blacklist(列入黑名单),dry-salt(干腌), deep-freeze(冷藏) (4)合成副词 ①adv+advadv however, whenever, moreover(而且), therefore, ②adj+advadv everywhere, nowhere, somewhere, anywhere, ③n+advadv headfirst(头朝下),daylong(整天),nightlong(通宵) ④adv+nadv downstairs, upstairs, downhill, inside, westward, upward, (5)合成代词 some, any, every, no 可与 -thing –one, -body 合成代词,代词宾格(物主代词)+self(selves): something, everything, anyone nobody, yourselves, himself, 二、转化( conversion ) 由一种词类转化成另一种或几种词类 1.nadv Let‘s go hand in hand Please hand in your exercise books after class water:水浇水 place:地方放置 land:土地着陆 design:图案设计 seat:座位使就座 book:书预定 2.adjv Her room is clean and tidy She cleans her room every day quiet:安静的使…静 slow:慢的使慢下来 back:后面的支持,使后退 warm:暖和的使暖和 3.advv Please sit down The government easily downed(打倒)riot. near:附近地靠岸 up:向上抬起, out:在外赶出 further:更进一步地促进 4.vn He visited the summer palace yesterday We paid a visit to the scientist last week taste::尝起来味道 use::使用用处 fly:飞行苍蝇: cause:引起起因 show:显示节目 guess:猜猜想: 5.adjn We are very young The cow took good care of her young( 幼畜 ) right: 正确的权利 native:本地的本地人 major:主要的主修科目 fat:肥胖的脂肪 三、派生(derivation) 由一个词根加上前缀和(或)后缀构成另一个词。 1.前缀(prefix) (1)构成反义词的前缀主要有:dis ,un ,in ,im ,il ,ir ,non 等 dis agree同意disagree 不同意 appear出现disappear消失 (否定) eike喜欢dislike 不喜欢 cover覆盖discover 发现 honest诚实的dishonest不诚实的 satisfied满意的dissatisfied 不满的 un- able 有能力的unable无能力的 fair公平的unfair不公平的 (不) limited 有限的unlimited 无限的 lucky 幸运的unlucky不幸的 usual 通常的unusual不寻常的 important 重要的unimportant不重要的 in- complete 完全的incomplete 不完全的 correct正确的incorrect不正确的 (不、无、非) formal 正式的informal 非正式的 direct 直接的indirect间接的 convenient 方便的inconvenient不方便的 visible 可见的invisible看不见 in- (多用于以P, m 起首的词之前)表“不,非、无”之意 possible可能的impossible不可能的 patient 耐心的impatient不耐烦的 perfect 完美的imperfect 不完美的 proper 合适的improrer不恰当的 moral 道德的immoral 不道德的 modest 谦虚的immodest 不谦虚的 il— (多用于以l起首的词之前)表“不、无、非”之意 legal 合法的illogical 不合法的 logical 逻辑的illegal 不合逻辑的 ir— (多用于以r起首的词之前)表“不、无、非”之意, regular规则的irregular不规则的 responsible有责任的irresponsible不承担责任的 non— (不、无、非) stop 停止non-stop 不停的 smoker 吸烟者non-smoker不吸烟者 violent 暴力的non-violent 非暴力的 human 人类non-human 非人类的 (2)其它常见前缀: re—(重,再) write rewrite 重写 considerreconsider 重新考虑 use reuse 再利用, cyclerecycle 回收 tellretell 复述 buildrebuild 重建 mis—(误) understandmisunderstand 误解 lead mislead 误导 placemisplace 放错 remembermisremember 记错 en—(使成…) ableenable 使能够 richenrich 丰富 dangerendanger 危及 courageencourage 鼓励 largeenlarge 扩大 joyenjoy 享受 tele—(远程) phonetelephone 电话 graphtelegraph 电报 visiontelevision 电视 scopetelescope 望远镜 a—(adj / adv) sleepasleep 睡着的 wake awake 醒着的 lonealone 独自的 broadabroad 国外 co—(共同) existco-exist 共存 operatecooperate 共同操作 workersco-workers 合作者 educationcoeducation 男女合校 over—(过于) workoverwork劳累过度 carefulovercareful过分小心的 crowdovercrowd挤满 joyoverjoy 狂喜 anti—(反,防) poisonanti-poison 抗毒 bodyantibody 抗体 freezeantifreeze 防冻剂 slaveryantislavery 反奴隶制度 super—(超级) starsuperstar 超级名星 marketsupermarket超市 mansuperman 超人 highwaysuperhighway 超级公路 sub—(下,副) waysubway 地铁 conscioussubconscious 下意识 topicsubtopic 副主题 titlesubtitle小标题 bi—(双) cyclebicycle 自行车 monthlybimonthly 双月的 lingualbilingual 双语的 weeklybiweekly 隔周的 tri—(3) cycletricycle 三轮车 angletriangle 三角形 planetriplane 三翼飞机 athletetriathlete 能加三项全能比赛的运动员 inter—(之间,相互) nationalinternational 国际的 viewinterview 采仿 actinteract 相互作用 netinternet 互联网 under—(…之下的) groundunderground 地下 seaundersea 在海底 lineunderline 在下面划线 shirtundershirt 内衣 ex—(前任的,向外) wifeex-wife 前妻 presidentex-president 前总统 portexport 出口 pressexpress 表达 fore—(预先,前) castforecast 预报 tellforetell 预言 armforearm 前臂 runnerforerunner 祖先 pre—(预先,前) pareprepare 准备 viewpreview 预习 payprepay 预先支付 fixprefix 前缀 micro—(微小的) scopemicroscope 显微镜 wave microwave 微波 kilo(千);meter kilometre千米;gramme kilogramme 千克;trans转移,变化;planttransplant 移植 ;formtransform改变 2、后缀(suffix) (1)名词后缀 —er(人或工具):teacher, learner, writer, designer, villager, buyer(买主),drier(吹风机)。 _or(人):visitor,actor,sailor(水手),inventor(发明家),editor(编辑),monitor,competitor(竞赛者),professor(教授)。 —ist(…家,…者):artist,pianist,journalist(记者),socialist(社会主义者),communist(共产主义者),terrorist(恐怖主义者), —man(人):postman(邮递员),Frenchman,German,gentleman —ess(女…):waitress(女服务员),hostess(女主人),actress(女演员) —man(人):musician(音乐家),Asian, American, Indian, Egyptian. —ese(…国人):Chinese, Japanese, Portuguese(葡萄牙人) —ee(受…者):employee(受雇者),trainee (受培训人),interviewee(被采仿者) —mate(有…关系的人):workmate(同事),classmate, roommate(室友) —eer(…者…家):engineer, volunteer(自愿者),mountaineer —ant(做…事的人):servant, assistant (助手),applicant(申请者),accountant(会计) -- ism(…主义): socialism, communism (共产主义) Marxism. -- ment: amusement (娱乐,消遣), entertainment, equipment, somewhere-- ness(性质,状态): kindness, happiness, loneliness, illness, sadness, carelessness darkness. -- tion: collection, translation, liberation (解放), operation education invitation, invention, contribution, situation, dictation(听写) -- ship(状态,身份): friendship, relationship(关系), membership(成员资格), partnership(伙伴关系), readership(读者), hardship(困苦), -- ing: feeling, meeting, meaning, greeting, wedding, painting training, belongings(所有物), -- th: truth, strength, warmth, length, depth, death, growth -- ance: appearance, importance, performance, distance, assistance. -- sion: decision, expression, impression, permission(允许), revision(复习) ,television -- dom(状态,领域): kingdom(王国), wisdom(智慧), --hood: childhood, neighbour hood, brotherhood ( 兄弟般的关系 ), girlhood, -- ity: ability, reality, activity, quality, possibility, minority, disability, nationality, quantity, -- ure: pleasure, pressure, failure, gesture, mixture, exposure ( 暴露 ) -- al: arrival, survival, burial, proposal ( 建议 ), trial ( 试验 ) -- ary: discovery, slavery. (2)形容词后缀 --ble: acceptable, eatable(可吃的),suitable, comfortable, horrible(恐怖的),reliable(可靠的),reasonable, terrible, responsible, possible -- al: natural, national, practical, physical, cultural, personal, medical, agricultural. -- an: American, European, Canadian, Italian, Asian, Australian. -- ant: important, distant, pleasant, ignorant(无知的), significant. -- ary: necessary, ordinary, imaginary, primary, revolutionary -- en: wooden (木制的), woolen (羊毛的) golden (金的) -- ant: different, patient, convenient, intelligent, independent. -- ern: eastern, southern, western, northern. -- ed: excited, disappointed, skilled, talented, experienced -- ese: Chinese (中国的), Japanese, Vietnamese (越南的) -- ful: careful, useful, helpful, hopeful, forgetful, wonderful. --less(无):homeless (无家可归的),harmless,carless, hopeless, useless helpless -- like:lifelike (栩栩如生的), childlike, godlike (上帝般的) --ly: lovely,friendly, monthly(每月的), yearly,orderly (有秩序的) -- ive: active, native, effective, expensive, instructive (有教育意义的) -- ish: selfish, childish, foolish, Swedish (瑞典的) British, -- ic: electric, heroic(英雄的) ,historic, energetic (精力旺盛的), atomic -- ing: exciting, disappointing, interesting, frightening -- ous: famous, serious, curious, dangerous, nervous, anxious (焦虑的) -- some: troublesome (麻烦) ,handsome, tiresome (讨厌) ,lonesome (寂寞的) -- y : easy, health, wealthy, sunny, rainy, windy, cloudy, dirty (3)动词后缀 -- izelise: realize, organize, modernize, apologize, mechanize (使机械化) -- ify: simplify (简化), beautify (美化),terrify, satisfy, purify (提纯) -- en: widen, fasten ,shorten, deepen, strengthen, frighten (4) 副 副后缀 -- ly: badly, really, happily, truly, freely, quickly, simply, slightly -- ward(s) (方向): backward(s) (向后) , eastward(s), forward(向(前), upwards (向上)towards (5)数词后缀 -- teen: eighteen, nineteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen. -- ty: twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, eighty, ninety. -- th (序数词): fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth, twentieth. | ||||||
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