原型和原型链的原理
The concept of prototype and prototype chain is a fundamental aspect of JavaScript, serving as the foundation for understanding object-oriented programming in the language.
原型和原型链的概念是JavaScript的基本理念，它是理解该语言中面向对象编程的基础。
At its core, the prototype is an object from which other objects inherit properties.
在本质上，原型是其他对象继承属性的对象。
In JavaScript, every object has a prototype, and these prototypes form a chain, known as the prototype chain.
在JavaScript中，每个对象都有一个原型，并且这些原型形成了一个链，称为原型链。
When a property is accessed on an object, the interpreter first checks if the object itself contains the property. If it doesn't, it looks for the property in the object’s prototype, and continues up the prototype chain until the property is found or the chain ends.
当在对象上访问属性时，解释器首先检查对象本身是否包含该属性。如果没有，它会在对象的原型中查该属性，并沿着原型链继续查，直到到该属性或者链结束。
To understand the prototype chain, it's important to grasp the concept of inheritance, as it is what ties everything together.
要理解原型链，重要的是要掌握继承的概念，因为它把一切联系在一起。
In JavaScript, when an object is created using a constructor function or a class, it automatically inherits from the prototype of the constructor or class. This allows for the reuse of properties and methods across different instances of objects, promoting a more efficient and organized codebase.
在JavaScript中，当使用构造函数或类创建对象时，它会自动从构造函数或类的原型中继承。这允许在不同的对象实例之间重用属性和方法，促进了更高效和有组织的代码库。
One of the most notable features of the prototype chain is its ability to provide a fallback mechanism.
原型链最明显的特点之一是它具有提供回退机制的能力。
If a property is not found in an object or its prototype chain, JavaScript will return undefined, indicating that the property does not exist. 函数prototype
如果在对象或其原型链中没有到属性，JavaScript会返回undefined，表示该属性不存在。
This behavior can be particularly useful when working with complex object structures, as it allows for dynamic and flexible property lookups.
在处理复杂对象结构时，这种行为特别有用，因为它允许动态和灵活的属性查。
Furthermore, the prototype chain enables the modification of properties and methods across all instances of objects.
此外，原型链可以在所有对象实例中修改属性和方法。
By making changes to the prototype, such as adding or modifying properties and methods, these changes automatically cascade down the prototype chain to all objects that inherit fro
m that prototype.
通过对原型进行修改，比如添加或修改属性和方法，这些改变会自动沿着原型链传播到所有继承该原型的对象。
This can be a powerful tool for implementing changes or updates across an entire application without having to individually modify each object instance.
这可以是一个强大的工具，可以在整个应用程序中实现更改或更新，而无需逐个修改每个对象实例。

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