springboot接口鉴权流程
    英文回答：
    ## Springboot Interface Authentication Process.
    Authentication is a crucial mechanism in Spring Boot applications to ensure that only authorized users can access sensitive resources. Here's a thorough explanation of the authentication process in Spring Boot:
    1. Request Interception:
    When an unauthorized client attempts to access a protected endpoint, the Spring Security framework intercepts the request.
    2. Authentication Trigger:
    Spring Security checks if the user has provided any credentials in the request (e.g., username and password, token).
    3. Authentication Provider:
springboot和过滤器    The appropriate AuthenticationProvider is selected based on the type of credentials provided. It could be a UserDetailsService for username and password or a JwtAuthenticationProvider for JWT tokens.
    4. Authentication Manager:
    The AuthenticationManager manages the authentication process. It invokes the AuthenticationProvider to validate the credentials.
    5. Authentication Success:
    If the credentials are valid, the AuthenticationManager creates an Authentication object representing the authenticated user.
    6. Role-Based Authorization:
    The AuthorizationManager checks the Authentication object to determine if the user has t
he necessary roles to access the requested endpoint.
    7. Access Granted/Denied:
    Based on the authorization check, access to the endpoint is either granted or denied.
    8. Exception Handling:
    If authentication or authorization fails, an exception is thrown and the appropriate error response is returned.
    9. CSRF Protection:
    Spring Security provides CSRF protection by including a token in each form. If the token doesn't match during form submission, the request is rejected to prevent Cross-Site Request Forgery attacks.
    10. Logging and Auditing:
    Authentication and authorization events are logged for security auditing purposes.
    中文回答：
    ## Springboot 接口鉴权流程。
    鉴权是 Spring Boot 应用中至关重要的机制，以确保只有授权用户才能访问敏感资源。以下是对 Spring Boot 中鉴权流程的详细解释：
    1. 请求拦截：
    当未经授权的客户端尝试访问受保护的端点时，Spring Security 框架会拦截该请求。
    2. 触发鉴权：
    Spring Security 检查用户是否在请求中提供了任何凭据（如用户名和密码、令牌）。
    3. 鉴权提供器：
    根据提供的凭据类型选择适当的 AuthenticationProvider。对于用户名和密码，可能是 UserDetailsService，对于 JWT 令牌，可能是 JwtAuthenticationProvider。
    4. 鉴权管理器：
    AuthenticationManager 管理鉴权过程。它调用 AuthenticationProvider 来验证凭据。
    5. 鉴权成功：
    如果凭据有效，AuthenticationManager 会创建一个 Authentication 对象，表示已验证的用户。
    6. 基于角的授权：
    AuthorizationManager 检查 Authentication 对象，以确定用户是否具有访问请求端点所需的必要角。
    7. 访问允许/拒绝：
    根据授权检查，访问端点被允许或拒绝。
    8. 异常处理：
    如果鉴权或授权失败，将抛出异常，并返回相应的错误响应。
    9. CSRF 保护：

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