c语言 结构体 命名 指针
英文版
C Language: Structs, Naming Conventions, and Pointers
In the world of programming, C language stands tall as a fundamental building block for many complex systems. Its simplicity, efficiency, and power have made it a staple in teaching computer science principles. Within C, there are several crucial topics that beginners must master, and one such topic is structs, naming conventions, and pointers.
Structs in C
Structs, short for structures, are a way to bundle multiple variables of different types into a single unit. This unit can then be treated as a single variable, facilitating organized data management. For example, if we want to represent a student with attributes like name, age, and grade, we can create a struct as follows:
    cCopy struct Student {
    char name[50];
    int age;
    float grade;
};
          struct Student {
    char name[50];
    int age;
    float grade;
};
Now, we can create variables of this struct type and access its members:
    cCopy struct Student student1;
strcpy(student1.name, "Alice");
student1.age = 20;
sizeof结构体大小
ade = 3.5;
          struct Student student1;
strcpy(student1.name, "Alice");
student1.age = 20;
ade = 3.5;
Naming Conventions in C
Naming variables, functions, and structs is crucial for code readability and maintainability. Here are some general naming conventions in C:
Variables: Use lowercase letters with underscores to separate words. For example, student
_name or total_score.
Functions: Use lowercase letters with underscores, starting with a verb to indicate action. For example, calculate_average() or display_menu().
Structs: Use PascalCase (uppercase first letter of each word) to name structs. For example, StudentDetails or BookInfo.
Pointers in C
Pointers are variables that store the memory address of another variable. They are a fundamental tool for dynamic memory allocation, passing large data structures to functions, and accessing array elements. In the context of structs, pointers allow us to create dynamic arrays of structs or pass structs by reference to functions.
Here's an example of how to use pointers with structs:
    cCopy struct Student *ptr_student;
ptr_student = (struct Student*)malloc(sizeof(struct Student));
strcpy(ptr_student->name, "Bob");
ptr_student->age = 22;
ptr_student->grade = 3.8;
          struct Student *ptr_student;
ptr_student = (struct Student*)malloc(sizeof(struct Student));
strcpy(ptr_student->name, "Bob");
ptr_student->age = 22;
ptr_student->grade = 3.8;
In this example, we allocated memory for a Student struct using malloc and stored its address in the ptr_student pointer. We then accessed and modified the struct's members u
sing the arrow operator (->).

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