英文合同常用词、短语和句型
1.订立、变更合同
            动词 Make a contract / Enter into / form / create / conclude / execute /covenant
            名词 the making of / the conclusion of a contract / the entry into contract / the formation of / the creation of / the conclusion of / the execution of a contract / covenant
This agreement/contract is made and entered into 8th of August, 2008 by and between Party A and Party B.
2.合同的终止、解除、撤销
            terminate a contract
通常指合同在约定期满前终止履行，可双方同意而作出，也指一方因另一方违约而行使的一种救济权。美国“终止”指合同各方未违反合同约定而依法终止合同。
            cancel a contact
因另一方违约而解除合同，其效力基本等同于terminate，不同是撤销方仍有权对整个合同或中未履行部分主张救济。
            discharge a contract
合同当事人的合同关系已终止。
            rescind a contract
免除当事人之间的合同义务，将当事人各自地位恢复到合同订立之前状态。
            revoke a contract
即以取消或撤回的方式废止或宣布无效。出于行为人的意愿，即主动发出的行为。
<div >合同中常用词及句型</div>1.常用虚词 shall, notwithstanding, as, foregoing, aforesaid, the said, aforementioned, above mentioned, according to, under, subject to, in accordance with, as per, as provided in, pursuant, under or in accordance with the agreement, as provided herein, as provided in hereof, include but
not limited to, with prejudice, whereas, hereof, hereto, herein, hereby, hereinafter, hereunder, thereof, forthwith, the following, as follows, as of the date of, hereunder.
1.1shall 应该，必须。有时也可用will，但力度比较弱
should 在法律文件里往往用作“if” 表示如果之意
1.2Notwithsanding=in spite of, despite.  放句首
1.3as 
1.3.1.  as the case may be (视情况而定)， as the case may require(视具体要求而定)
1.3.2. as + provide/stipluate,set forth, prescribe 表“依照什么规定” event是什么词性
    As provided 短语含义相当于 in accordance with
The venture may relocate its office from time to time as the Venturers may require.
1.3.3 such……as…构成极具代表性的表达 such date as a resonable in the circumstances (
as这里可以换成that).
1.4 foregoing, aforesaid, the said, aforementioned, abovementioned. 一般放在名词之前做限定，意思相同，都做“上述的”或“前述的”讲。合同中只要重复第一次提到的姓名或名称，即可将上述词放在合同内名词之前。如果想用动词短语表达，可将mentioned above 放在名词先行词后。
要限定或重复某事，也可用Something in question表达
1.5 依照什么规定
According to (最少用), under, subject to, in accordance with, as per, as provided in, prusuant to, under or in accordance with the agreement, as provided herein.
Pursuant to Article 8 of the contract=pursuant to Article 8 hereof. 具体条款放在contract前不用of连接；也可用hereof, thereof直接放在具体条款之后.
1.6 including but not limited to, including, without limitation以及including by way of illustration but not limitation. “包括但不限于”
1.7 prior to, no later than, on or before. “在**日前，提前多少日”
1.8 as follows, as below, the following. “下列”
  NOW THEREFORE, the parties hereby covenant and agree as follows/as bellow.
1.9 without prejudice to, with prejudice. “在不损害什么的规定/情况下，不使受损害”“和有损，有偏见”
1.10 hereof, hereto, hereunto, herein, hereby, hereinafter, hereinbefore, hereunder, thereof, whereby
Here指该合同或协议
There 指另一合同或协议
1.11 attributable to, by virture of, on account of  (相当于普通英语中due to, because of)
1.12 in lieu of. “替代”相当于普通英语中的instead of.
1.13 hereinafter referred to as, hereinafter called, herein referred to as. “以下简称”
1.14 unless otherwise 一半后面紧跟动词，除非另…（比“if not” “otherwise”正式）
Unless otherwise specified in the contract/ L/C除非另有规定
unless otherwise expressly agreed by 除非另有约定
1.15 in respect of 关于, 比 about, concerning, as regards正式
in respect thereof 表示上文已提及的事项时使用
1.16 in the event that, in the event of 如果…发生，比when更正式
1.17 provided that: 但规定，规定；但是。常用于合同的某一条款需要做进步一规定时，或作规定时语气上表示转折。中译英时候注意。
1.18 be deemed: 比be believed, be considered正式
1.19 in question, under consideration, being talked about. 该，这
The matters in question 该事项
1.20 in case, the (the)case of: 如果，含“一旦、万一”之意。
1.21 be liable for sth, be liable to sb, be responsible in accordance with law. 对某事人负有责任
1.22 know all men by these presents根据本文件，特此宣布;
undersigned法律文件签署者，前面加the，是指文件签署者的自称
Now Therefore 特此，因此。一般接whereas之后，为引出具体协议事项的常用开头词，并与其后的hereby连用，可译成“兹”“特此”
2常用的实义词
2.1provide, stipulate, prescribe, discribed, set forth. 表示“规定” 名词分别为provision, stipulation, prescription
2.2represent, warrant, undertake, guarantee “保证”。Represent 和warrant连用，出现在合同中声明和保障部分。
Party A hereby represents and warrants to party B that. 甲方向乙方声明并保证。
2.3principle place of business, domicile, business premise“主营业地”“住所”“营业场所”
2.4annex/annexes, appendix/appendices, schedule/schedules, addendum/addenda. “附件”其中annex还有“吞并、合并”的意思。
2.5chapter, article, section, clause, paragraph, subparagraph.
章chapter, 条article/(section/clause美国合同),款paragraph,项subparagrahp
2.6有权做
shall/will have the right to do; (可用may do代替)
be entitled to do  (可用may do代替)
reserve the right to do—专指“保留行使做什么的权利”
be (duly) authorised to do / have the authority to do 经授权
have the authority to do
do sth. At one’s option

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