冲刺2022年高考 语法填空专训（三）
名、形、副 三管齐下 巧化词性转换
词形转换是高考语法填空的一个重点。在解答语法填空中词形转换的相关题目时，一要根据空处在句中所作的成分确定词性：名词在句中常作主语、宾语、表语或定语等，动词作谓语与非谓语，形容词作表语、定语，副词作状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子；二要根据标志词及语境确定比较级；三要根据名词前的数词、量词、冠词等修饰语以及主谓一致原则来确定名词的单复数。
如何判断是否考查词形转换
解题攻略 | 典例印证 |
•第一步：确定是否考查词形转换： 提示词为动词， 如果既不是谓语动词， 也不是非谓语动词， 则考虑动词词性转换。 •第二步：确定转换为名词或形容词： 根据句式结构以及空格所缺成分进一步分析，如果作动词或介词的宾语、作主语， 动词常转换为名词； 如果作表语或者定语，动词常转换为形容词。 | [典例] [2021·全国卷乙]It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become educated about the areas — both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the ________ (develop) of the local areas. 分析：第一步：确定是否考查词性转换 提示词为动词，句子有谓语动词allows及并列谓语provides可知，空格处既不是谓语动词， 也不是非谓语动词， 则考虑动词词性转换。 第二步：确定转换为名词或形容词 根据分析句子成分，空格在冠词the之后， 应填名词。 自主解答：________ |
技法1 明确提示词为动词的2种词性转换
提示词为动词， 如果既不是谓语动词， 也不是非谓语动词， 则考虑动词词性转换， 讲动词转换为名词或形容词， 根据句式结构以及空格所缺成分进一步分析。
典例导引
1.[2021·潍坊市高考模拟]They use kite photography, geophysical surveys and seismometers (地震仪) to make learning ________ (excite).
2．[2021·陕西省模拟一]Antonio Morgan says that Robinson drove past him fast and just moments later he heard a ________ (frighten) crash.
3．[2021·福建省莆田市高三5月模拟]Chinese weddings are as much about the happy couple as they are about their respective families. The weddings are ________ (impress) affairs that focus on blessings of happiness.
4．[2021·南昌市二模]It was considered safe and ________ (use) eight months later.
5．[2021·襄阳五中高三5月冲刺]Come to Zhangjiajie to enjoy its ________ (amaze) natural scenery and breathtaking Avatar Hallelujah Mountain if you are a fan of Avatar movie！
6．[2021·银川市考前适应性训练一]“The new robotic arms cost no more than 1，000 yuan，” said Chen Xiaoping, ________ (direct) of the Robotics Laboratory at USTC, adding that this gives them an advantage for much wider application.
7．[2021·湖南长郡中学二模]Chinese people are proud of their food. However, when foreigners like Britons think of Chinese food, their ________ (impress) of it is different to what you might think.
8．[2021·山东省泰安市模拟]In the eyes of the Yi people, fire is the symbol of light, which is believed to have the ability to drive away insects and pests and protect the ________ (grow) of crops.
9．[2021·南昌二中、河南省实验中学5月联考]This ________ (achieve) marks that China has reached the first great breakthrough on the path to full-scale quantum computing—a quantum computational advantage, also known as “quantum supremacy”．
1.动词转换为形容词：
①-able结尾的形容词
accept→acceptable 可接受的
adapt→adaptable 能适应的
admire→admirable 可钦佩的
adjust→adjustable 可调节的
afford→affordable 负担的起的
②v.＋ed/ing 转换为形容词
confuse→confused 感到困惑的
worry→worried 担心的
excite→exciting 令人激动的；令人兴奋的
③v.＋词缀ive转化为形容词
attract→attractive 有吸引力的
impress→impressive 给人印象深刻的
instruct→instructive 有教育意义的
④v.＋词缀-ful/less转换为形容词
cheer→cheerful 兴高采烈的
doubt→doubtful 怀疑的
forget→forgetful 健忘的
thank→thankful 感激的
2．动词转换为名词
①v.＋-ion/-tion/-ation/-sion转换为名词，表示“状态或行为”
celebrate→celebration n．庆祝
compete→competition n．比赛
pollute→pollution n．污染
educate→ education n．教育
②v.＋-ment转换为名词，表示“行为或结果”
achieve→achievement n．成就
announce→announcement n．宣布
argue→argument n．争论， 论据
develop→development n．发展
③v.＋-er/-or 转换为名词， 表示“人”
perform→performer n．表演者
settle→settler n．移民者
educate→educator n．教育家
direct→director n．导演
技法2 提示词为名词的词形变化
典例导引
1.[2021·新高考全国卷Ⅰ]The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we ________ (human) are.
2．[2021·太原高三押宝题]But the solar term culture is still useful today to guide people's lives through special foods, cultural ________ (ceremony), gardening and even healthy living tips that correspond with each solar term.
3．[2021·厦门外国语学校适应性考试]About a few ________ (month) ago, a photographer went to take pictures in Litang, a remote place in Sichuan Province, and he accidentally sh
ot a video of Dingzhen.
4．[2021·邯郸市三模]Wild ________ (animal) such as black bears and squirrels like to store their pine nuts in different places as they prepare for the winter.
5.[2021·全国乙卷]Provide ________ (finance) aid and other benefits for local peoples.
6．[2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ]In the 18th and 19th centuries, ________ (wealth) people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art.
7．[2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ]Judges will choose up to 50 ________ (honor) mention winners, who will each receive a T-shirt in memory of Earhart's final flight.
8．[2021·安徽师大附中5月卷]But are people right to be worried about the ________ (environment) and health effects of releasing such a large amount of contaminated water？
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