历年考研英语中常见的十五种“逻辑关系词(或称衔接词)”
Preface “逻辑关系词”对于一篇好的文章来说是非常重要的它就像一座桥,连接段与段、句与句,起到一种微妙的“衔接上下文”作用,即承上启下、起承转合、过渡性作用。有效充分地利用逻辑关系词可以让你的文章“语义连贯、完整、顺畅”,不至于太突兀!下面就是我耗费心血、精心整理而成的历年考研英语中常见的十五种逻辑关系词,掌握了这些有助于你做阅读理解,有助于在阅读中更好、更快地把握文章的的写作思路和整体结构框架,理清文章的逻辑顺序与段与段之间的语义、逻辑关系,从而迅速出正确答案。有利于做排序题,更有利于你的写作(写作时尽量用那些字数多的短语,这样可以增加作文字数)。需要注意的一点是,有的逻辑关系词不只表示一种逻辑关系,有些逻辑关系之间是贯通的,例如 otherwise 表示转折、对比、结果 3 种逻辑关系;让步之中含有转折的含义;对比之中含有转折、强调之意;并列之中含有递进的含义,例如as well as,as well,also,too既表示并列又表示递进;总结之中含有强调的含义,例如substantially,generally,mainly既表示总结又表示强调;递进之中有补充解释说明之意,例如namely,in other words。 考研朋友们在做题中应当加以体会和领悟。期望本文能对考研的朋友有所裨益。同时本人热烈欢迎各位朋友踊跃对本文加以批评和相互交流,在此,我对朋友们的帮助表示无尽的感激之情
第一,  表示因果(世界上最重要的一种关系就是因果关系
1.      表示原因
because of =be responsible for =  as = since =for = therein = root =origin al =causality = due owing thanks ∕according  to = be attributed∕contributed  to (原因是)= now in  that =seeing considering given  that = on account of =on this account = on ground of that (强调主观理由) = out of = for the sake of =  in the light of = in view of the fact that = by in virtue of = by reason of = as a result consequence of = in consequence of =arise from = put sth down to sth(把……归因于……)
【注】 put down ① 把……归因于+ to sth  ② 把……看作∕视为  put sth down as sth  ③  使(当众)出丑,让某人丢人现眼  ④ 写下,记下 ⑤ 将……提请(议会或委员会)审议    to put down a motion∕amendment    提交一项动议或修正案  ⑥ 登记,注册,列入名单 + for sth  例句:Put me down for three tickets for Saturday。
2.      表示结果
    So = hence =therefore = therefor = thereby = thereof = thereout = therewithal = thereupon =  thus = consequent(ly)= result ing =effect =consequence = in consequence = as a result consequence = result in =  accordingly = give rise to = lead to = arouse = agitate =awaken = fire up = provoke = spark = spur = stimulate = stir (激起,引起,引发,激发)= trigger = activate = prompt = set in motion = set off  = contribute attribute  to = bring about ∕on =present =it follows turns out that
    Or else = otherwise  否则,要不然
【注】   or else otherwise 既表示转折,又表示对比,还表示结果。
第二,  表示对比
1.      表示“相似性的”对比
    Likewise = like =similar ly = akin = parallel with …) = analogous analogy = comparable = by in comparison with …)   与……相似的
event是什么词性    Identical = same 完全相同的 = much as = as much 同……一样
be consistent with = consistently =  be in agreement with = coincide  with   = accord ∕agree  with = match(意见、利益等) 与……一致的,相符的
2.      表示“差异性的”对比(这些词也be可以表示转折、强调)
Unlike = by in contrast = in turn =  in contrast to with = conversely =  alternatively = on the contrary = contrary to = contrarily = on the other hand = otherwise = while = whereas = run counter to    与……相反的,但是,然而
3.      暂时无法确定是“差异性”还是“相似性”的
    比较级、最高级  most important = dominant(ly)= largely 
    Of and    
第三,  表示递进
    besides =therewith = as well as = as well = and =  also = too =    in addition to = moreover = furthermore = apart aside from
除……之外还,此外,而且,加之(用于“包括的”特殊人或事物前)
    that is to say = namely  也就是说(有补充解释说明的作用)
    to put it another way = put another way = in other words  换句话说(有补充解释说明的作用)
    simply put stated spoken    简言之
    or rather  或者更确切地说
【注】   注意 besides except 的区别。例如:① All of us passed besides John 。(约翰也及格了);② All of us passed except John 。(约翰没有及格)   except 用于“不包括”的特殊人或事物前
第四,  表示补充(解释、说明)
But = except for = apart aside from = other than
除……之外(都),常用于否定句中,用于“不包括”的特殊人
或事物前。
例如:① No one saw it but me
    There is nobody here other than me
      that is to say = namely  也就是说(有补充解释说明的作用)
      to put it another way = put another way = in other words  换句话说(有补充解释说明的作用)
  ④ 冒号、破折号
第五,  表示让步
Despite = in spite of = notwithstanding = regardless irrespective of = out of  account (不予考虑)=  in disregard of = for all that = although = though = as = while = even (if)= much as (用于句首)虽然 = granting granted that
不管,不顾,尽管(有),虽然,即使
    after all 毕竟
    certainly = of  course = indeed = it is true that     的确
    undoubtedly = there is no doubt that   毫无疑问的是……
    admittedly = we have to admit that   应该承认的是……
    it may be true that                 或许真实的是……
    there is no denying that             不可否认的是……
    to be sure = although 常与 but 连用)可以肯定的是…
⑨  at least  至少
第六,  表示转折
    Instead of = rather than  (是……)而不是
    But = yet = although = though = while = whereas = when = only = but rather = instead = still = nevertheless = nonetheless =  much as(用于句首)        尽管如此,然而,虽然,但是
    Otherwise = or else  否则,要不然
    In effect fact ∕reality = indeed  = virtually  实际上,事实上,的确
【注】 although though while whereas to be sure in effect fact indeed 既表示让步,又表示转折。

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