题型：
1、 汉译英10*2’ （一课两题，两个以上单词构成的短语，专业复合词）
2、 英译汉 10*1’ （一课两题，两个以上单词构成的短语，专业复合词）
3、 句子翻译（汉译英）5*6 （每课一题，应该是从课后练习题中出）
4、 段落翻译 （英译汉）1*20’ （会涉及到第六课的生词）
5、 写作 1*20 （老师曾布置过第五课的P50页的作文，不知会否从课后题出）
Lesson 1
短语：
cause of action 案由      at hand 近在手边，手头（的）
civil law 大陆法        common law 普通法
give rise to 引起        provide for 规定
compensate (sb.) for 补偿 (某人的)…    be entitled to 有权…，有资格…
be entitled to  有权……，有资格……
单词：
Coercive 强迫的，强制的    enforcement 实施，强制执行  norm 标准，规范
Entity 实体  legislative 立法的，立法机构创立的    judicial 司法的
adherence 遵守  procedure 程序  lawsuit 诉讼，案件    appeal 上诉
breach 违反    constitution 宪法的    tort 侵权    litigation 诉讼   
compensate 补偿    adjudicate 判决    statute 成文法，法条    precedent 先例，判例
1、 法律是一组规则，违反这些规则将引起案由，可在法院起诉。
Law is a set of rules. Violation of these rules may give rise to a cause of action in a court.
2、 一种流行的观点认为法律不仅仅是一组规则，而且还是为使人们遵守规则而采取的行动。
One popular view of law holds that law is not only a set of rules, but also actions for the purpose of adherence to these rules.
3、 不管怎样界定法律，法律离不开一个强制性机构，这个机构通过强制人们遵守社会规范而保持控制。
No matter how law is defined, it is dependent on a coercive apparatus which maintains control through enforcement of social norms.
4、 有时法律被划分为实体法和程序法。实体法被直接用于解决纠纷，而程序法规定法庭处理案件的程序。程序法也可能影响案件的结果。
Sometimes law is classified into substantive law and procedural law. Substantive law is used to directly resolve the disputes, and procedural law provides for the procedure by which the court handles a case. Procedural law may also affect the outcome of a lawsuit.
5、 西方社会法律的发展因循了两条不同的道路，形成了两个不同的体系。
Law in Western societies has developed along two different lines and into two different systems.
6、 在讲英语的国家中，法官常将已决的案例适用于手头案件的新事实，所以在某种程度上，已决的案件是有约束力的先例，是法律的一部分。
In the English-speaking countries, judges often apply decided cases to the new facts at hand. So, to a certain extent decided cases are binding precedents and they form part of the body of law.
Lesson 2
choice of law 法律选择    inferior court 低级法院    superior court 高级法院
circuit court 巡回法院    court of common pleas 普通法院    court of appeals 上诉法院
at issue 有争议的，待裁决的    at the discretion of 由…自由裁量
courts of limited jurisdiction 有限管辖（权）法院      choice of forum 法院的选择
courts of general jurisdiction 一般管辖（权）法院    subject matter jurisdiction 对事管辖权
diversity jurisdiction 多元管辖   
defendant
单词：
federalism 联邦制    autonomy 自治权    appellate 上诉的  hear 审理
jurisdiction 管辖权    litigant 诉讼当事人    discretion 只有裁量权
1、 美国的法律制度是双轨制，各州有自己的宪法和法律。因此在涉及跨州交易或事件的诉讼中往往出现法律选择问题。
The American legal system is a dual legal system. Each state has its own constitution and its own laws. So choice of law questions often arise in lawsuits involving multi-state transactions or occurrences.
2、 双轨制也使法院的选择成为一个复杂的问题。
Duality also makes the choice of forum a complicated question.
3、 在大多数州，初审法院有两层：低级管辖权法院和一般管辖权法院。
There are two levels of trial courts in most of the states: courts of inferior jurisdiction and courts of general jurisdiction.
4、 在低级管辖权法院审理的案子一般可到一般管辖权法院重审。
Cases tried at a court of inferior jurisdiction generally can be retried at a court of general jurisdiction.
5、 所有州对一般管辖权法院的判决都允许至少一次上诉。在有中级上诉法院的州，一般判决可以有两次复审。
All the states allow at least one appeal from the decisions of a court of general jurisdiction. In states which have intermediate appellate courts, there may be two appellate reviews.
6、 联邦区级法院对三种案子有初审管辖权：当事人不是同一个州的案子，涉及联邦法的案
子，以及美国政府（或其机构）为一方当事人的案子。
Federal district courts have original jurisdiction over three types of cases: diversity cases, federal questions cases, and cases in which the United States government (or its agency) is a party.
Lesson 3
direct examination 直接质证  cross examination 交叉质证   
interested parties 有利害关系的当事人  due process 正当司法程序     
resort to 求助于；凭借；诉诸；采用    reside in/with (权力、权利等)归于，属于
find the facts 认定事实    admissibility parties 有利害关系的当事人
true merits of the case 案件所涉及的实体问题
单词：
Proceeding 诉讼    regulatory 管理的，控制的，规章的    partisan 党派的，派性的
inquisitorial 审讯的，调查的  settlement 调解    testimony 证词，证据
examination 讯问，质证    intervene 干预，干涉    safeguard 保护措施，保证条款
admissibility 可采纳性，可采信性    impartial 公正的
1、 程序法指导法院在判案时的操作。
The law of procedure guides the operations of the court in adjudicating cases.
2、 一套好的程序制度应使法官根据案件本身的是非曲直断案。
A good system of procedure should allow the judge to decide the case on the basis of the true merits of the case.
3、 抗辩制是普通法系国家审判程序的特有形式，在这一制度下，法官不积极参与取证，证据由当事双方律师提供。
The adversary system is the characteristic form of trial procedure in common law countries. Under this system the judge does not actively participate in the investigation, and evidence is submitted by the lawyers on behalf of the parties.

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