Chapter 9
Translation of the EST (2)
英译汉时，要依据语域确保词语术语专业化。
    The burden of proof rests with the defendant.
      举证责任由被告承担。
    The power plant is the heart of a ship.
      动力装置是船舶的心脏。
用非人称名词短语做主语
    如果我们测得地震波的走时和振幅(amplitude)，我们就能确定地下的几何形状并估算出与岩石速度和密度有关的声阻抗(acoustic impedance) 。
    Measurements of the seismic travel time and amplitude can define the subsurface geomet
ry and give estimates of the acoustic impedances related to rock velocities and densities.
形容词谓语句调整为名词短语做主语
defendant    由于光学纤维频带较宽，损耗较低，光源更为可靠, 因此在这一领域会更具竞争力。
    Larger fiber bandwidth, lower loss and more reliable optical sources would make optical fibers more competitive in this section.
形容词谓语转化为名词短语做宾语
    数控技术更灵活,装配机床的花费更少,更换更快,而且停机维修时间更短。
    Numerical control offers more flexibility, lower tooling cost, quicker changes, and less machine down time.
动词谓语句为名词短语、动宾结构
    这类预言要是为实验所验证,那么,理论即得到了支持,并可导致形成某个定律或原理。
    Verification of these predictions by experiment supports the theory and may lead to formulation of a law or principle.
    预言要是得不到实验的验证,也不会推翻理论,而会使该理论得到修正,并且常常会丰富这一理论。
    Failure to obtain experimental verification of predictions may not overthrow a theory, but causes it to be modified and often enriches it.
增词
    A material object cannot have a speed greater than the speed of light.
一个物体的速度绝不会超过光速。
The amount of cell respiration depends upon the activity of the organism.
细胞呼吸量的大小取决于生物体活动的程度。
When a person sees, smells, hears, or touches something, he is perceiving.
当一个人看到某种东西、闻到某种气味、听到某种声音或触摸到某物时，他是在运用感官进行感受。
省词
  Little information is given about the origin of life.
    关于生命起源方面的资料很少。
    In solids the force of attraction between the molecules is so great that the arrangement of the molecules becomes rigid.
    固体分子间的吸引力很大，使得分子排列得很坚固。
    The coupling bolts should go into place when tapped lightly with a hammer.
用榔头轻轻敲打，连接螺栓便能进入固定位置。
利用语言持续循环性分译
    Each cylinder therefore is encased in a water jacket, which forms part of a circuit through which water is pumped continuously, and cooled by means of air drawn in from the outside atmosphere by large rotary fans, worked off the main crankshaft（曲轴）.
    因而，每个气缸都围有一个水套，水套形成循环水路的一部分，由水泵驱动水在回路中不断地流动，并由大型旋转风扇从外部鼓入空气使水冷却。大型旋转风扇是由主曲轴带动的。
句首焦点与句尾焦点
虽然火箭复杂而令人难忘，但它是一种比较简单的装置，早在八百多年前，中国人就发明了。
Appearing impressive and complex, the rocket, invented in China as early as 800 years ago, is a relatively simple device.
虽然铝的强度不及钢，但是当铝与少量的钢、锰和镁制成合金，并经过热处理后，其强度可以接近钢的强度。
Aluminum, though much less strong than steel, can be given a strength approaching that of steel when it is alloyed with small quantities of copper, manganese and magnesium, and subjected to hot treatment processes.
措辞的精炼
  It is forbidden to dismantle the device without permission so as to avoid any damage to its parts.
    严禁乱拆,以免损坏该设备的零件。
    Cramped (狭窄的)conditions means that passengers’ legs cannot move around freely.
    空间狭窄, 旅客的双腿就不能自由活动。
The margin between the temperature at which it begins to glow sufficiently and that at which it melts is very narrow. 
它的发光温度和熔点相差无几。
However, even if prediction becomes possible, people who live in areas where earthquakes are a common occurrence will still have to do their best to prevent disasters by building structures that are resistant to ground movement and by being personally prepared.
然而，即使可以预测，居住在地震频发区的人们还是应尽力预防灾难，办法是建造能够抗震的房屋，同时做好个人准备。
句式的精炼与简洁（主从结构、并列结构）
    所有线圈(coil)都有电感(inductance)。电感是阻止所通过的电流发生变化的特性。
    All coils have inductance， which is the property of opposing any change of current flowing through it.
    制造过程可分为单件生产和批量生产。单件生产就是生产少量的零件,批量生产就是生产大批相同的零件。
    Manufacturing processes may be classified as unit production with small quantities being made and mass production with large numbers of identical parts being produced.
    Associated with limit loads is the proof factor, selected to ensure that if a limit load is applied to a structure the result will not be detrimental to the functioning of the aircraft, and the ultimate factor, which is indented to provide for the possibility of variations in structural strength.
与极限负荷有关的是保险系数和终极系数，保险系数是选定用来保证即使极限负荷加在飞机上，飞机也不会受到损害；终极系数则是用来预防结构强度可能发生的变化。
4.1 英译汉时，将名词短语扩展成句子；汉译英时，将句子紧缩成短语。
    1.The slightly porous nature of the surface of the oxide film allows it to be colored with either organic or inorganic dyes.
    氧化膜表面具有轻微的渗透性，因此可以用有机或无极颜料着。
    2.This position was completely reversed by Harber’s development of the utilization of  nitrogen from the air.

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