词类转换翻译
由于英汉两种语言分属两个不同的语系，它们在语言的表达方式上各有各的特点。尽管它们在词类划分上大致相同，但词类的使用频率在两种语言中却有所差异。英语中频繁使用名词和介词，而汉语中却经常使用动词。因而，在英汉互译中，经常要用到词类转换法，即根据上下文和译文的表达习惯，在不改变原文词义的前提下，将原文中某些词的词性在译文中作相应的变化，以便使译文读起来更加通顺。
1. 英语名词译为汉语动词
1) The economic environment is characterized by buyers, sellers and competitors.
2) Laser is one of the most sensational developments in recent years, because of its applicability to many fields of science and its adaptability to practical uses.
3) Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe.
2. 英语形容词译为汉语动词
1) They are quite content with the data obtained from the experiment.
2) We are especially grateful to you for arranging the meeting for us with the Machinery Trading Delegation at such short notice.
3. 英语副词译为汉语动词
1) When the switch is off, the circuit is open and electricity doesn’t go through.
2) In this case the temperature in the furnace is up.
4. 英语介词译为汉语动词
1) President Lincoln proposed to establish a government of the people, by the people, and editoriallyfor the people.
2) A force is needed to move an object against inertia.
5. 英语动词译为汉语名词   
1) The design aims at automatic operation, easy regulation, simple maintenance and high productivity.
2) Such materials are characterized by good insulation and high resistance to wear.
3) The volume of trade has increased tremendously to the advantage of both countries.
6. 英语形容词译为汉语名词
1) Computers are more flexible, and can do a greater variety of jobs.
2) In the fission processes the fission fragments are very radioactive.
7. 英语副词译为汉语名词
1) Oxygen is one of the most important elements in the physical world, and it is very active chemically.
2) The paper said editorially that with unemployment high and the dollar low the economy will be the President’s sternest trial.
3) All structural materials behave plastically above their elastic range.

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