Developed in 1950 by AATCC Committee RA60; revised 1952, 1954, 1957, 1960, 1961, 1970, 1972, 1986 (title change), 1989, 1993, 1994, 1996, 2003, 2006 (title change), 2007, 2009, 2010, 2013; reaffirmed 1956, 1962, 1965, 1968, 1969, 1975, 1980, 1985; editorially re-vised 1973, 1974, 1975, 1976, 1981, 1983, 1984, 1991, 1995, 1998, 2002, 2004, 2008, 2012; editorially revised and reaffirmed 2001. Partly equivalent to ISO 105-C06.
1.Purpose and Scope
1.1These accelerated laundering tests are to evaluate the colorfastness to laun-dering of textiles which are expected to withstand frequent laundering. The fabric color loss and surface changes resulting from detergent solution and abrasive ac-tion of five typical hand or home launder-ings, with or without chlorine, are roughly approximated by one 45 min test (see 9.2-9.6). However, the staining ef-fect produced by five typical hand or home launderings cannot always be pre-dicted by the 45min test. Staining is a function of the ratio of colored to undyed fabrics, fiber content of fabrics in the wash load and other end-use conditions which are not always predictable.
1.2When this test method was origi-nally developed, various options of this method were intended to evaluate the color change and staining by five home or commercial launderings, on an accel-erated basi
s. Throughout the years, com-mercial laundering procedures have changed and commercial cleaning today involves many different types of pro-cesses, dependent on the type of product being cleaned that cannot be duplicated by one accelerated laboratory procedure. In 2005, all references to commercial laundering were removed as it is not known if these procedures accurately rep-licate typical commercial laundering pro-cesses used today.
2. Principle
2.1Specimens are tested under appro-priate conditions of temperature, deter-gent solution, bleaching and abrasive ac-tion such that the color change is similar to that occurring in five hand or home launderings. The color change is obtained in a conveniently short time. The abra-sive action is a result of the frictional ef-fects of fabric against canister, the low li-quor ratio and the impact of the steel balls on the fabric.
3. Terminology
3.1colorfastness, n.—the resistance of
a material to change in any of its color
characteristics, to transfer of its color-
ant(s) to adjacent materials or both, as a
result of the exposure of the material to
any environment that might be encoun-
tered during the processing, testing, stor-
age or use of the material.
3.2laundering, n.—of textile mate-
rials, a process intended to remove soils
and/or stains by treatment (washing) with
editoriallyan aqueous detergent solution and nor-
mally including subsequent rinsing, ex-
tracting and drying.
4. Safety Precautions
NOTE: These safety precautions are
for information purposes only. The pre-
cautions are ancillary to the testing proce-
dures and are not intended to be all inclu-
sive. It is the user’s responsibility to use
safe and proper techniques in handling
materials in the test method. Manufactur-
ers MUST be consulted for specific de-
tails such as material safety data sheets
and other manufacturer’s recommenda-
tions. All OSHA standards and rules
must also be consulted and followed.
4.1Good laboratory practices should
be followed. Wear safety glasses in all
laboratory areas.
4.2All chemicals should be handled
with care.
4.3The 1993 AATCC Standard Refer-
ence Detergent (with and without optical
brighteners) and the 2003 AATCC Stan-
dard Reference Liquid Detergent (with
and without optical brighteners) may
cause irritation. Care should be taken to
prevent exposure to skin and eyes.
4.4An eyewash/safety shower should
be located nearby for emergency use.
4.5Manufacturer’s safety recommen-
dations should be followed when operat-
ing laboratory testing equipment.
5.Apparatus, Reagents and Materials
(see 12.1)
5.1Accelerated laundering machine.
5.1.1A laundering machine for rotat-
ing closed canisters in a thermostatically
controlled water bath at 40 ± 2 rpm.
5.1.2Stainless steel lever lock canis-
ters Type 1 500 mL (1 pt), 75 × 125 mm
(3.0 × 5.0 in.) for Test No. 1A.
5.1.3Stainless steel lever lock canisters
Type 2 1200 mL, 90 × 200 mm (3.5 × 8.0
in.) for Tests No. 1B, 2A, 3A, 4A and 5A.
5.1.4Adapter plates for holding canisters
(see 5.1.3) on laundering machine shaft.
5.1.5Stainless steel balls, 6 mm (0.25
in.) in diameter.
5.1.6 White Synthetic (SBR) Rubber
Balls 9-10 mm (3/8 in.) dia. 70 Durome-
ter hardness for Test 1B (see 12.1)
5.1.7Teflon fluorocarbon gaskets (see
7.4.2 and 12.2).
5.1.8Preheater/storage module (see
7.4, 12.1 and 12.3).
5.2Scales for rating test results.
5.2.1AA TCC 9-Step Chromatic Trans-
ference Scale (AA TCC Evaluation Proce-
dure 8) (see 12.4).
5.2.2Gray Scale for Color Change
(AATCC Evaluation Procedure 1) (see
12.4).
5.2.3Gray Scale for Staining (AATCC
Evaluation Procedure 2) (see 12.4).
5.3Reagents and materials.
5.3.1Multifiber test fabrics (8 mm
[0.33 in.] bands) containing acetate, cot-
ton, nylon, silk, viscose rayon and wool.
Multifiber test fabrics (8 mm [0.33 in.]
bands) and (15 mm [0.6 in.] bands) con-
taining acetate, cotton, nylon, polyester,
acrylic and wool (see 12.5).
5.3.2Bleached cotton test fabric, 32 ×
32 ends × picks/cm (80 × 80 ends ×
picks/in.) construction, 100 ± 3 g/m2 (3.0
± 0.1 oz/yd2), desized without optical
brightener (see 12.5).
5.3.31993 AATCC Standard Refer-
ence Detergent WOB (without optical
brightener and without phosphate) or
2003 AA TCC Standard Reference Liquid
Detergent WOB (without optical bright-
eners) (see 10.5 and 12.6).
5.3.41993 AATCC Standard Refer-
ence Detergent (with optical brighteners)
or 2003 AATCC Standard Reference Liq-
uid Detergent (with optical brighteners)
(see 10.5 and 12.6).
5.3.5Water, distilled or deionized (see
12.7).
5.3.6Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl)
bleach (see 12.8).
5.3.7Sulfuric acid (H2SO4), 10% (see
12.8.1).
5.3.8Potassium iodide (KI), 10% (see
12.8.1).
5.3.9Sodium thiosulfate (Na
2
S
2
O
3
),
0.1N (see 12.8.1).
5.3.10Crockmeter test cloth cut in 50
mm (2 in.) squares (see 12.9).
5.3.11White cards (specimen mounts)
with Y tristimulus value at least 85%.
6. Test Specimens
6.1The sizes of the specimens required
for the various tests are as follows:
50 × 100 mm (2.0 × 4.0 in.) for Test
No. 1A,
AATCC Test Method 61-2013
Colorfastness to Laundering: Accelerated
50 × 150 mm (2.0 × 6.0 in.) for Tests No. 1B, 2A, 3A, 4A and 5A.
6.2Test only one specimen in each canister.
6.2.1Test one specimen per laboratory sample. Replication may be advisable for improved precision.
6.3To determine staining in Tests No. 1A and 2A, use multifiber test fabric. To determine staining in Test No. 3A, use ei-ther multifiber test fabric or bleached cot-ton test fabric. With respect to Test No. 3A, the use of multifiber test fabric is optional but the staining of acetate, nylon, polyester and acrylic is disregarded unless one of these fibers is present in the fabric being tested or known to be in the final garment. For Test 3A, multifiber test fabric with heat-sealed edges is recommended. Stain-ing is not determined in Tests No. 4A and 5A (see 12.10 and 12.11).
6.4Specimen preparation.
6.4.1Preparation with multifiber test fabric with individual component bands 8mm (0.33 in.) wide or with bleached cotton test fabric. Prepare pieces with a 50 mm (2.0 in.) square of multifiber test fabric cloth or bleached cotton test fabric (as required) sewn, stapled or suitably attached along one 50 mm (2.0 in.) edge of the test specimen and in contact with the face of the material. When multifiber test fabric is used, attach it so that each of the six fiber bands is along the 50 mm (2.0in.) edge of the specimen with the wool on the right. The fiber bands in the multifiber test fabric will be parallel to the lengthwise direction of the test specimen.
6.4.2Preparation with multifiber test fabric with individual component bands
15 mm (0.6 in.) wide. Prepare pieces with
a 50 × 100 mm (2.0 × 4.0 in.) rectangle of multifiber test fabric sewn, stapled or suitably attached centered along one 100 mm (4.0 in.) or 150 mm (6.0 in.) edge of the test specimen and in contact with the face of the material. Attach it so that each of the six fiber bands will be parallel to the widthwise direction of the specimen. Attach and secure the wool band at the top of the specimen to avoid fiber loss. 6.4.3It is recommended that knitted fabrics be sewn or stapled at the four edges to equivalent siz
e pieces of bleached cotton test fabric to avoid rolled edges and to assist in obtaining a uniform test result over the entire surface. Attach the multifiber test fabric to the face of the knitted fabric.
6.4.4For pile fabric specimens with a pile lay direction, attach the multifiber test fabric at the top of the specimen with the pile lay direction pointing away from the top of the specimen.
6.5When the textile to be tested is yarn, specimens may be tested using Op-tion 1 or Option 2.
6.5.1Option 1. Knit yarn on an appro-priate sample knitting machine. Prepare specimens and multifiber test fabrics ac-
cording to 6.1-6.4.3. Keep one knitted
specimen of each sample as an unwashed
original.
6.5.2Option 2. Prepare two 110 m
(120 yd) skeins of each yarn. Fold the
skein so that there is a uniform amount of
yarn across a 50 mm (2 in.) width with a
length appropriate for the procedure to be
used. Keep one skein of each sample as
an unwashed original. Sew or staple
Crockmeter test cloth squares (see 12.9)
or squares of bleached cotton test fabric
having approximately the same weight
folded over each end of the layered yarn
specimen. Attach a multifiber test fabric
according to 6.4.1 or 6.4.2.
7. Procedure
7.1Table I summarizes the conditions
of the tests.
7.2Adjust the laundering machine to
maintain the designated bath tempera-
ture. Prepare the required volume of
wash liquor. Preheat this solution to the
prescribed temperature.
7.3Run Test No. 1A in 75 × 125 mm
(3.0 × 5.0 in.) lever lock stainless steel
canisters. Run Tests No. 2A, 3A, 4A and
5A in 90 × 200 mm (3.5 × 8.0 in.) lever
lock stainless steel canisters.
7.3.1For Tests No. 1A, 1B, 2A and
3A, add to the canister the amount of de-
tergent solution designated in Table I.
7.3.2For Test No. 4A, prepare a 1500
ppm available chlorine solution. For 1 L,
determine the amount of stock sodium
hypochlorite bleach solution (see 12.8) to
dilute as follows:
159.4/% NaOCl = g to add
Weigh the correct amount of bleach into a
volumetric flask and dilute to 1 L. To
each canister, add 5 mL of 1500 ppm
available chlorine solution and 45 mL of
detergent solution making a total volume
of 50 mL.
7.3.3For Test No. 5A, determine the
amount of stock sodium hypochlorite
bleach solution (see 12.8) to dilute as
follows:
4.54/% NaOCl = g to add
Weigh the correct amount of bleach into a
graduated cylinder and add detergent so-
lution to make a total volume of 150 mL.
Prepare this solution separately for each
canister.
7.3.4For all the tests, add the desig-
nated number of stainless steel balls or
white rubber balls to each canister.
7.4The two options for preheating the
canisters to the test temperature are by
use of the laundering machine or the pre-
heater/storage unit. If the canisters are to
be preheated in the laundering machine,
proceed to 7.4.2.
7.4.1Place the canisters in the pre-
heater module at the prescribed test tem-
perature. They are to remain in the
module for at least 2 min. Enter a well
crumpled test specimen into each canister.
7.4.2Clamp the covers on the canis-
ters. A Teflon fluorocarbon gasket (see
5.1.6) may be inserted between the neo-
prene gasket and the top of each canister
to prevent contamination of the wash so-
lution by the neoprene. Fasten the 75 ×
125 mm (3.0 × 5.0 in.) lever lock canis-
ters vertically and the 90 × 200 mm (3.5
× 8.0 in.) lever lock canisters horizontally
in the adapters on the rotor of the laun-
dering machine in such a manner that
when the canisters rotate, the covers
strike the water first. Place an equal num-
ber of canisters on each side of the shaft.
For canisters preheated in the module,
proceed to 7.7.
7.5Start the rotor and run it for at least
2 min to preheat the canisters.
7.6Stop the rotor and with a row of
canisters in an upright position, unclamp
the cover of one canister, enter a well
crumpled test specimen into the solution
and replace the cover, but do not clamp it.
Repeat this operation until all the canis-
ters in the row have been loaded. Then
clamp the covers in the same order in
which the canisters were loaded (delay
clamping the covers to allow equalization
of pressure). Repeat this operation until
all rows of canisters have been loaded.
7.7Start the laundering machine and
run it at 40 ± 2 rpm for 45 min.
7.8The rinsing, extracting and drying
Table I—Test Conditions a
Test
No.b
Temp Total
Liquor
Volume
(mL)
Percent
Powder
Detergent
of Total
Volume
Percent
Liquid
Detergent
of Total
Volume
Percent
Available
Chlorine
of Total
Volume
No.
Steel
Balls
No. of
Rubber
Balls
Time
(Min)°C (±°2)°F (±°4)
1A401052000.370.56None10045
1B c31881500.370.56None01020
2A491201500.150.23None50045
3A71160500.150.23None100045
4A71160500.150.230.015100045
5A491201500.150.230.02750045
a Refer to Section 9 for objectives for each test method.
b All Tests include an alternate use for 2003 AATCC Standard Liquid Detergent.
c Test 1B provides for the use of White Rubber Balls instea
d of Stainless Steel Balls.
procedures are the same for all the tests. Stop the machine, remove the canisters and empty the contents into beakers, keeping each test specimen in a separate beaker. Rinse each test specimen three times, in beakers, in distilled or deionized water at 40 ± 3°C (105 ± 5°F) for 1 min periods with occasional stirring or hand squeezing. To remove excess water, cen-trifuge, blot or pass the test specimens through wringer rolls. Dry the specimens in an air circulating oven in which the temperature does not exceed 71°C (160°F), or tumble dry in a nylon mesh bag in an automatic tumble dryer at nor-mal cycle, which has an exhaust tempera-ture of 60-71°C (140-160°F), or air dry.
7.9 Allow specimens to condition at 65± 2% relative humidity and 21 ± 1°C (70± 2°F) for 1 h before evaluating.
7.10Prepare tested fabric specimens and adjacent fabrics for evaluation by trimming off raveled yarns
and lightly brushing off any loose fiber and yarn on the fabric surfaces. Brush pile fabric specimens in required direction to restore them as nearly as possible to the same pile angle as the untreated specimens. Specimens should be smoothed or flat-tened if they are wrinkled and messy due to washing and/or drying. Specimens may be mounted on cards to facilitate identification and handling in their evalu-ation. For consistency in backing mate-rial, use a white mounting card with Y tristimulus value of at least 85%. Mount-ing material must not be visible in the area to be viewed and must not interfere with rating as specified in 5.1 of both AATCC Evaluation Procedures 1 and 2 for the Gray Scale for Color Change and Gray Scale for Staining or instrumental assessment of color according to AATCC Evaluation Procedure 7, Instrumental As-sessment of the Change in Color of a Test Specimen (see 12.4).
7.10.1Yarn skein specimens should be combed and brushed for improved align-ment of the yarns before comparison with the unwashed original. The original spec-imens may also need further combing and brushing for uniformity of appearance.
8. Evaluation (see 12.16)
8.1Evaluation of color change.
8.1.1Evaluate the color change of the test specimens by comparison with the Gray Scale for Color Change (AATCC Evaluation Procedure 1), or using AATCC Evaluation Procedure 7, Instru-mental Assessment of the Change in Color of a Test Specimen, and record the numerical rating that corresponds to the appropriate one on the Gray Scale. For improved precision and accuracy the specimens should be rated by more than one rater.
8.2Evaluation of staining.
8.2.1Evaluate staining (see 12.10) by comparison with the Gray Scale for
Staining (AATCC Evaluation Procedure
2), the AATCC 9-Step Chromatic Trans-
ference Scale (AATCC Evaluation Proce-
dure 8), or Instrumental Assessment of
Degree of Staining (AATCC Evaluation
Procedure 12), and record the numerical
rating that corresponds to the appropriate
one on either of them. The scale used
should be indicated when reporting the
test results.
8.2.2The color transferred to the multi-
fiber test fabric or bleached cotton test
fabric square of 6.4.1 can be quantita-
tively determined by measuring the color
difference between a piece of the original
material and the stained material. Multifi-
ber test fabrics (15 mm [0.6 in.]) have fill-
ing bands of sufficient width to be within
the aperture diameter capability of many
colorimeters and spectrophotometers (see
AA TCC Evaluation Procedure 6, Instru-
mental Color Measurement and 12.14).
9. Interpretation of Results
9.1Results from these tests are in-
tended to approximate the color change
effects (see 1.1) of five typical home
launderings. These are accelerated tests,
and in obtaining the required degree of
acceleration some of the conditions, such
as temperature, were purposely exagger-
ated. The tests have remained largely the
same over many years while laundry de-
tergents, washers and dryers, laundry
practices and fabrics have changed (see
AATCC Monograph M6, “Standardiza-
tion of Home Laundry Test Conditions,”
elsewhere in this T ECHNICAL M ANUAL).
Consequently, caution in interpreting test
results is advisable.
9.2 Test No. 1A—This test is for evalu-
ating the colorfastness of textiles that are
expected to withstand repeated hand
laundering at low temperature. Speci-
mens subjected to this test should show
color change similar to that produced by
five typical careful hand launderings at a
temperature of 40 ± 3°C (105 ± 5°F).
9.3 Test No. 1B—This test is for evalu-
ating the colorfastness of textiles that are
expected to withstand repeated hand
laundering at cool temperatures. Speci-
mens subjected to this test should show
color change similar to that produced by
five typical careful hand launderings at a
temperature of 27 ± 3°C (80 ± 5°F).
9.4 Test No. 2A—This test is for eval-
uating the colorfastness to washing of
textiles that are expected to withstand re-
peated low temperature machine launder-
ing in the home. Specimens subjected to
this test should show color change similar
to that produced by five home machine
launderings at medium or warm setting in
the temperature range of 38 ± 3°C (100 ±
5°F).
9.5 Test No. 3A—This test is for evalu-
ating colorfastness to washing of textiles
considered washable under vigorous con-
ditions. Specimens subjected to this test
should show color change similar to that
produced by five home machine launder-
ings at 60 ± 3°C (140 ± 5°F), without
chlorine.
9.6 Test No. 4A—This test is for evalu-
ating the colorfastness to washing of tex-
tiles laundered in the presence of avail-
able chlorine. Specimens subjected to
this test should show color change similar
to that produced by five home machine
launderings at 63 ± 3°C (145 ± 5°F) with
3.74 g per L (0.50 oz/gal) of 5% available
chlorine per 3.6 kg (8.0 lb) load.
9.7 Test No. 5A—This test is for eval-
uating the colorfastness to washing of
textiles that may be laundered in the pres-
ence of available chlorine. Specimens
subjected to this test should show color
change similar to that produced by five
home machine launderings at 49 ± 3°C
(120 ± 5°F) with 200 ± 1 ppm available
chlorine.
10. Report
10.1Report the test number.
10.2Report the grade number deter-
mined for color change in 8.1 and the
staining grade numbers for the evaluated
fibers in the multifiber test fabric and/or
bleached cotton test fabric as determined
in 8.2.
10.3State which scale (Gray Scale for
Staining or AATCC 9-Step Chromatic
Transference Scale) was used in evaluat-
ing staining (see 12.12).
10.4Report the multifiber test fabric
used and if bleached cotton test fabric
was employed to avoid knit curling.
10.5Report the detergent used with color
change and staining results (see 12.6).
10.6Report which laundering ma-
chine is used.
11. Precision and Bias (see 12.15)
11.1Precision and bias statements
have been developed for Tests No. 2A
and 5A. Although correlation work has
been done, no precision and bias state-
ments have been developed for Tests No.
1A, 3A and 4A.
11.1.1Because of changes in the deter-
gents used in this method, these precision
and bias statements may not apply to data
or information obtained with the cur-
rently available detergents.
11.2Test No. 2A.
11.2.1Summary. An interlaboratory
test was carried out in May 1985 to estab-
lish the precision of Test No. 2A. A part
of the test was to determine if the wider
15 mm (0.6 in.) No. 10A multifiber test
fabric could be substituted for the 8 mm
(0.33 in.) wide No. 10. The complete test
consisted of six laboratories evaluating
10 materials in duplicate by one operator
using Test No. 2A.
11.2.2Color Change . Three raters from six laboratories independently eval-uated nine materials in duplicate using the Gray Scale for Color Change. The components of variance as standard devi-ations of the colorfastness grades (aver-ages of variances for No. 10 and No. 10A multifiber test fabrics) were calculated as follows:
Single-Operator Component 0.29Within-Laboratory Component
0.29Between-Laboratory Component
0.29
11.2.3Critical Differences . For the components of variance reported in 11.2.2, two averages of observed values should be considered significantly differ-ent at the 95% probability level if the dif-ference is equal to or exceeds the critical differences shown in Table II.
11.2.4Staining . Three raters indepen-dently rated the six fibers of the multifi-ber test fabric (No. 10 and No. 10A) for 10 materials at six laboratories using the Gray Scale for Staining. Of the 60 possi-ble fiber/fabric combinations, only 51could be used. The components of vari-ance were averaged for the No. 10 and No. 10A multifiber test fabrics and ap-pear below as standard deviations of staining ratings:
Single Operator Component 0.27Within-Laboratory Component
0.34Between-Laboratory Component
0.25
11.2.5Critical Differences . For the components of variance reported in 11.2.4, two averages of observed values should be considered significantly differ-ent at the 95% probability level if the dif-ference equals or exceeds the critical dif-ferences shown in Table III.
11.2.6 Bias . Tests comparing five home launderings at 40°C (105°F) with one Launder-Ometer Test No. 2A indi-cate there is no bias between the two methods for the colorfastness and stain-ing levels evaluated.
Table II—Critical Differences, Grades,
for the Condition Noted a
No. of Observations Single-Operator Precision Within-Lab Precision Between-Lab Precision
10.80  1.12  1.3730.460.92  1.215
0.360.87  1.18
a
The critical differences were calculated using t  =1.950 which is based on infinite degrees of freedom.
11.3Test No. 5A, Chlorine Bleach.11.3.1Summary . An interlaboratory test was carried out in 1984 to establish the precision of Test No. 5A for deter-mining the effect of chlorine bleach on the colorfastness
of fabrics. All speci-mens were laundered in a Launder-Ometer by one operator. Color change in Test No. 5A was determined both visu-ally and instrumentally. Details of the sta-tistical analysis of the data can be found in the report, Third Interlaboratory Study of Proposed Launder-Ometer Test for Colorfastness of Fabrics to Chlorine and Non-Chlorine Bleaches, October 21,1985, by J. W. Whitworth, Milliken Re-search Corp., Spartanburg, SC.
11.3.2Visual Assessment . Four materi-als were tested at each of five laborato-ries. Three raters visually assessed the color change of four specimens. The components of variance as standard devi-ations of colorfastness grades were calcu-lated as follows:
Single Operator Component 0.38Within-Laboratory Component
0.28Between-Laboratory Component
0.27
11.3.3Critical Differences . For the components of variance in 11.3.2, two averages of observed values should be considered significantly different at the 95% probability level if the difference equals or exceeds the critical differences shown in Table IV .
11.3.4Instrumental Assessment . Color change as total color difference (CIELAB) was measured on a spectro-
Table III—Critical Differences, Grades,
for the Condition Noted a
No. of Observations Single-Operator Precision Within-Lab Precision Between-Lab Precision
10.75  1.20  1.3930.43  1.03  1.255
0.33  1.00  1.22
a
The critical differences were calculated using t  =1.950 which is based on infinite degrees of freedom.
Table IV—Critical Differences, Grades,
for the Condition Noted a
No. of Observations Single-Operator Precision Within-Lab Precision Between-Lab Precision
1  1.03  1.29  1.4930.590.98  1.235
0.460.91  1.17
a
The critical differences were calculated using t  =1.950 which is based on infinite degrees of freedom.
photometer or colorimeter using aper-tures ranging in size from 13-51 mm (0.5-2.0 in.) in diameter, illuminant D 65/10° observer or illuminant C/2° observer.Six materials were tested at each of six laboratories. One operator in each labora-tory tested four specimens of each fabric.The components of variance for ∆E* ex-pressed as coefficients of variation were calculated to be:
Single-Operator Component
6.8%Between-Laboratory Component
11.2%
11.3.5Critical Differences . For the components of variance reported in 11.3.4, two averages of observ
ed values should be considered significantly differ-ent at the 95% probability level if the dif-ference equals or exceeds the critical dif-ferences shown in Table V .
11.3.6Bias . Tests comparing five home launderings at 49°C (120°F) with one Launder-Ometer Test No. 5A indi-cate there is no bias between the two methods for the colorfastness levels eval-uated (see 12.13).
12. Notes
12.1 For potential equipment information pertaining to this test method, please visit the online AATCC Buyer’s Guide  at /bg. AATCC provides the pos-sibility of listing equipment and materials sold by its Corporate members, but AATCC does not qualify, or in any way approve, endorse or certify that any of the listed equipment or materials meets the requirements in its test methods.
12.2Teflon is a registered trademark of the DuPont Co., Wilmington DE 19898.
12.3The preheater/storage unit may be a side unit to the laundering machine or a sepa-rate module with its individual electric heater and thermostat to control water bath tempera-tures for heating containers and solutions prior to loading the laundering machine.
12.4Available from AATCC, P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park NC 27709; tel:+1.919.549.8141; fax: +1.919.549.8933; e-mail:
Table V—Critical Differences, Percent of Grand Average for the Conditions Noted a,b
No. of Observations in Each Average
Single-Operator Precision
Between-Laboratory Precision
118.736.2310.832.85
8.432.1
a
The critical differences were calculated using t  =1.950 which is based on infinite degrees of freedom.b
To convert the values of the critical differences to units of measure, multiply the critical differences by the average of the two specific sets of data being compared and then divide by 100.
; web site:
12.5Bleached cotton test fabric in 32 × 32 ends × picks/cm (80 × 80 ends × picks/in.) construction, 100 ± 3 g/m2 and without optical brightener should be used.
12.6The 1993 AATCC Standard Reference Detergent WOB (without optical brightener), a compact formulation, is the primary deter-gent to be used in this test method. Where the effect of an optical brightener is to be evalu-ated, 1993 AATCC Standard Reference Deter-gent (with optical brightener) should be used. The 2003 AATCC Standard Reference Liquid Detergent WOB (without optical brightener) is a liquid detergent that has been approved as an alternate to the 1993 AATCC Standard Ref-erence Detergent WOB. All detergents are available from AATCC, P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park NC 27709; tel: +1. 919.549.8141; fax: +1.919.549.8933; e-mail: ; web site:
12.7Use distilled water or deionized water of not more than 15 ppm hardness to dissolve the detergent and for the test solutions.
12.8Use sodium hypochlorite bleach pur-chased within the last six months for a stock solution.
12.8.1To confirm the stock solution’s hy-pochlorite activity, weigh 2.00 g liquid sodium hypochlorite into an Erlenmeyer flask and di-lute with 50 mL of deionized water. Add 10 mL of 10% sulfuric acid and 10 mL of 10% potassium iodide. Titrate with 0.1N sodium thiosulfate until colorless.
Calculation:% sodium hypochlorite
=
The factor 0.03722 is derived by multiplying
the molecular weight of NaOCl (74.45 g/mol)
by 0.001 (mL to L conversion) and dividing
by 2 (mols of thiosulfate per hypochlorite).
12.8.2Oxidizing power of sodium hy-
pochlorite is typically expressed in terms of
available chlorine, the equivalent amount of di-
atomic chlorine present. A 5.25% NaOCl solu-
tion contains 50,000 ppm available chlorine.
12.9Crockmeter test cloth, 32 × 33 ends ×
picks/cm (80 × 84 ends × picks/cm) combed
cotton, desized, bleached (no optical brightener
or finishing material present) should be used.
12.10If staining evaluations are needed for
Tests No. 4A and 5A, they may be carried out
using the corresponding Tests No. 2A or 3A,
which use no bleach. Test No. 2A is the
no-bleach alternate for Test No. 5A, and Test
No.3A is the no-bleach alternate for Test
No.4A.
12.11If multifiber test fabric is used in con-
junction with Tests 4A or 5A, the wool can ab-
sorb the chlorine leaving very little for
bleaching action. The wool may be removed
from the multifiber test fabric before testing to
eliminate this effect.
12.12For very critical evaluations and in
cases of arbitration, grades must be based on
the geometric Gray Scale for Staining.
12.13For additional information pertaining
mL Na2S2O3
()0.1N
()0.03722
()
2.00 g NaOCl
()
------------------------------------------------------------------------------100
×
to the bias between Test No. 5A and five home
washes, refer to Fig. 1 in Interlaboratory Study
of Proposed Launder-Ometer Test for Colorfast-
ness of Fabrics to Chlorine and Non-Chlorine
Bleaches, Report to AA TCC Committee RA60,
Colorfastness to Washing Test Methods,
November 1984, New York NY by L. B.
Farmer and J. W. Whitworth of Milliken
Research Corp., Spartanburg SC, and J. G. Tew,
AA TCC Technical Center, Research Triangle
Park NC.
12.14AATCC Evaluation Procedure 7
gives a method for computing Gray Scale
grades from color measurement data.
12.15The precision of this test method is
dependent on the combined variability of the
material being tested, the test method itself,
and the evaluation procedure utilized.
12.15.1The precision statement in Section
11 was developed from results obtained by vi-
sual evaluation (EP1 and EP2).
12.15.2It is expected that the use of instru-
mental evaluation procedures (EP7 and EP12)
will result in greater precision than that ob-
tained from visual evaluations.
12.16 CAUTION: It has been reported that
the results for staining obtained by this
method on fabrics dyed to dark shades (navy,
black, etc.) that contain a combination of poly-
ester and spandex, or their blends, may not
show the full staining propensity of such fab-
rics in consumer use. It is, therefore, recom-
mended that the staining results obtained by
this test not be used for the acceptance testing
of such fabrics.

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