AATCC Technical Manu al/2006
TM 22-200565
Developed in 1941 by AATCC Commit-tee RA63; revised 1952, 1996, 2001,2005; reaffirmed 1943, 1961, 1964,1967, 1971, 1974, 1977, 1980, 1985,1989; editorially revised 1987. Techni-cally equivalent to ISO 4920.
1. Purpose and Scope
1.1This test method is applicable to any textile fabric, which may or may not have been given a water-repellent finish.It measures the resistance of fabrics to wetting by water. It is especially suitable for measuring the water-repellent effi-cacy of finishes applied to fabrics.
1.2 The results obtained with this test method depend on the resistance to wet-ting or water repellency of the fibers,yarns and finishes on the fabric, and upon the construction of the fabric.
2. Principle
2.1 Water sprayed against the taut sur-face of a test specimen under controlled conditions produces a w
etted pattern whose size depends on the repellency of the fabric. Evaluation is accomplished by comparing the wetted pattern with pic-tures on a standard chart.
3. Terminology
3.1water repellency, n.—in textiles ,the characteristic of a fiber, yarn or fabric to resist wetting.
3.2 face, n.—in textiles , the side of a fabric that is intended to be the outer visi-ble surface in an end product.
4. Safety Precautions
NOTE:These safety precautions are for information purposes only. The pre-cautions are ancillary to the testing proce-dures and are not intended to be all inclu-sive. It is the user’s responsibility to use safe and proper techniques in handling materials in this test method. Manufac-turers MUST be consulted for specific details such as material safety data and other manufacturer’s recommendations.All OSHA standards and rules must also be consulted and followed.
4.1Good laboratory practices should he followed. Wear safety glasses in all laboratory areas.
5. Uses and Limitations
5.1 The portability and simplicity of the instrument, and the shortness and simplicity of the test procedure, make this method of test especially suitable for
screening finishes. It is not intended,however, for use in predicting the proba-ble rain penetration resistance of fabrics,since it does not measure penetration of water through the fabric. For testing rain penetration, AATCC Method 35, Water Resistance: Rain Test, should be used.
6. Apparatus and Materials
6.1 AATCC Spray Tester (see 11.1,Figs. 1, 2, 2A and 3).
6.2 Graduated cylinder, 250 mL.6.3 Water, distilled.6.4 Stopwatch (see 8.3)
7. Test Specimens
7.1 Three test specimens 180.0 × 180.0mm (7.0 × 7.0 in.) are needed and should be conditioned at 65 ± 2% relative hu-midity and 21 ± 1°C (70 ± 2°F) for a min-
imum of 4 h before testing.
7.2 Where possible, each specimen should contain different groups of length-wise and widthwise yarns.
8. Procedure
8.1 Calibrate the apparatus by pouring 250 mL of distilled water at 27 ± 1°C (80± 2°F) into the funnel of the tester and measure the time required for the funnel to empty.
8.1.1 The spray time must be between 25-30 s, otherwise the nozzle should be checked to see if the holes are enlarged or blocked.
8.2 Fasten the test specimen securely in the 152.4 mm (6.0 in.) diameter hoop so that the face of the fabric specimen will be exposed to the water spray. The surface of the specimen should be smooth and without wrinkles.
AATCC Test Method 22-2005
Water Repellency: Spray Test
Fig. 1—Spray test rating chart.
Copyright The American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists Provided by IHS under license with AATCC
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66TM 22-2005
AATCC Technical Manu al/2006
8.3 Place the hoop on the stand of the tester with the fabric uppermost in such a position that the center of the spray pat-tern coincides with the center of the hoop (see Fig. 2A).
8.3.1 In the case of twills, gabardines,piques or fabrics with similar ribbed con-struction, place the hoop on the stand in such a way that the fabric is oriented in the same direction as it will be used in the end product.
8.4 Pour 250 mL of distilled water at 27 ± 1°C (80 ± 2°F) into the funnel of the tester and allow it to spray onto the test specimen for 25-30 s.
8.4.1 Avoid touching the funnel with the graduated cylinder while pouring the distilled water. Movement of the funnel will alter the spray disposition on the specimen.
8.5 Take the hoop by the bottom edge and tap the opposite edge firmly once against a solid object with the fabric facing the object, then rotate the hoop 180° and tap once more on the point
Fig. 2—AATCC spray tester.
Fig. 2A—Details of AATCC spray tester.
Fig. 3—Nozzle for spray tester.
Copyright The American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists Provided by IHS under license with AATCC
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AATCC Technical Manu al/2006
TM 22-2005
67
previously held.
8.6 Repeat steps 8.2 through 8.5 for all three specimens.
9. Evaluation and Report
9.1 Immediately after tapping, com-pare the wet or spotted pattern with the rating chart (see Fig. 1). Rate the face of the specimen. Each test specimen is as-signed a rating corresponding to the near-est level on the rating chart.
9.1.1 Intermediate ratings can be used for ratings of 50 or higher (95, 85, 75, 60)(see flow chart in Appendix A).
9.1.2 In rating loosely woven or porous fabrics, such as voile, any passage of wa-ter through the openings of the fabric is disregarded.
9.2 Report the individual rating results for each test specimen. Do not average the results.
10. Precision and Bias
10.1 Precision. Precision of this test method is based on interlaboratory tests conducted in 1994, using six laboratories,three fabrics, two operators per labora-tory and three determinations per fabric.Separate tests were run on two days. The data sets from each lab were combined for analysis, which required averaging the individual ratings. There were no sig-nificant differences found between days.10.1.1 The Spray Rating Scale is dis-crete and discontinuous, but results are based on averages which tend to normal-ity. Also, ratings are assigned against de-veloped grade standards (photographs),rather than by arbitrary visual assign-
ment. For these reasons, RA63 has made a judgment that analysis of variance be used in determining the precision of this method, without correction for disconti-nuity.
10.1.2 The three fabrics used in this study cover a range of 100 to 80 Spray Rating. Obviously, this is a limited study upon which to base a statement of preci-sion for the method. It is the best and only estimate of precision currently avail-able. Users of the test method should be guided accordingly. In making fabric comparisons for Spray Rating, laborato-ries are encouraged to establish their lev-els by running fabrics of known perfor-mance prior to any test comparisons, and to bring the practice of the test method under statistical control.
10.1.3 Plant experience consistently has shown variation in spray ratings near a grade of 100 to be quite small, with in-creasing variation as the grade goes lower. This has been verified again, in this limited study. For this reason, critical difference tables are shown for two ranges.
10.1.4 Single fabric precision parame-ters for two fabric levels are given in Ta-bles I and II.
10.2 Bias. This test method has no known bias. There is no referee method by which to determine the true value of Spray Rating and to find any existing bias in this methodology.
11. Notes
11.1 The AATCC Spray Test Unit consist-ing of hoop, nozzle, funnel, stand and Spray Test Rating Chart is available from AATCC,
Table I—Spray Rating Range—80
Components of Variance
V lab =17.2222V op =9.2593V err =9.3750
Table II—Spray Rating Range—100
Components of Variance
V lab =0
V op =0.6945V err =4.4841
Single Fabric Precision Parameters N Single Operator Within Laboratory Between Laboratory 18.512.016.62  6.010.415.53  4.9 9.815.14  4.2 9.414.95
3.8
9.2
editorially14.8
Single Fabric Precision Parameters N Single Operator Within Laboratory
Between Laboratory
1  5.9  6.3  6.3
2  4.2  4.8  4.8
3  3.
4  4.1  4.14  2.9  3.7  3.75
2.6
3.5
3.5
P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park NC 27709; tel: 919/549-8141; fax: 919/ 549-8933;e-mail: ; SDL Atlas L.L.C.,1813A Associate Lane, Charlotte NC 28217;tel: 704/329-0911; fax: 704/329-0914; e-mail:info@sdlatlas; or Advanced Testing In-struments Corp., 316D Business
Pkwy., Greer SC 29651-7119; tel: 864/989-0566; fax: 864/989-0567; e-mail: aticorporation@cs.
Appendix A
Flow Chart of Evaluation and Report
Is there a wet spray pattern?
Calibrate spray time to
25–30 seconds. Calibrate water
temperature to 27 ± 2°C.Spray sample; T ap firmly twice.
Rate from the pictures,0 to 90.
Rating = 95Rating = 100
Y es
No
Are
water droplets clinging to the surface
fibrils?
Y es
No
Copyright The American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists Provided by IHS under license with AATCC
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