Lesson  5  The facts
(1) Editors of newspapers and magazines often go to extremes to provide their readers with unimportant facts and statistics.
1) go to extremes 走极端
The boss went to extremes of dismissing most of his workers.
2) provide sb with sth 向某人提供某物
Govement provided these refugees with food and tents.
3) unimportant   adj. 不重要的。否定前缀还有un-, dis-, im-, in-, ir-, ab-
un-      unhappy, unable, unfriendly, uncormfortable
dis-      dishonest, dislike, disagreement
im-      impolite, impossible, impatient
in-      ncorrect, inactive
ir-      irregular, irrevocable
(2) Last year a journalist had been instructed by a well-known magazine to write an article on the president’s palace in a new African republic.
1) had been instructed--- 过去完成时的被动语态。一般而言，过去完成时都会出现一个过去的动作，该动作发生在过去完成时之前。
He said he had visited there many times.
2) well-known editor的名词和动词形式有名的，近义词有famous, noted, notable, prestigious.
well-known的构成是一个adj+v-ed, 即形容词+过去分词，又构成一个复合形容词，如：
well-educated          adj. 受过良好教育的
well-behaved          adj. 很乖的；行为端正的；彬彬有礼的
well-dressed        adj. 穿着漂亮的，考究的
还有n+v-ed，即名词+过去分词，也可以构成一个符合形容词，如：
man-made          adj. 人工制造的
state-owned            adj. 国有的
heart-broken        adj. 伤心的，心碎的
3) write an article on--, on 表示关于，相当于about
(3) When the article arrived, the editor read the first sentence and then refused to publish it.
1) Refuse  v. 拒绝。refuse的近义词有reject, decline
refuse语气较重，指态度坚决，肯定无疑的拒绝
reject多指由于某物某事某行为不能让人满意而被当面直截了当地拒绝。
decline指婉言谢绝他人的帮助或邀请等
(4) The article began: “Hundreds of steps lead to the high wall which surrounds the president’s palace.”
1) hundres of 数以百计的，可以衍生 thousands of, millions of，数以前计的，数以百万计的。
2) lead to 通向，导致
The road leading to the forest is covered with grass and flowers.
Smoking often leads to lung cancer.
3) surround  v. 包围，围绕。 N/adj. surrounding. 周围，外围的环境/周围的，附近的
The moon is surrounded by stars.
The embassy was attacked and the surrounding buildings were damaged as well.
(5) The editor at once sent the journalist a fax instructing him to find out the exact number of steps and the height of the wall.
1) a fax instructing him to---, instructing在这里做状语。
He sent me a short message explaining why he was absent.
2) find out 出，查明，必须费一番努力。
(6) The journalist immediately set out to obtain these important facts, but he took a long time to send them.
1) set out 动身，出发
We lived there for the night and set out early next morning.
set out to do sth 开始着手做某事
The government has set out to make many needed reforms.
set about doing sth 开始做某事
After the earthquake, the people set about rebuilding their homes.
2) take表示花费时间时，有以下几种用法：
a. 主语为人，如: Tom took about three hours to finishing a day’s work.
b. 主语为行为，如：Painting the room took me all week.
c. 主语为先行词，如：It took her three weeks to get the visa.
(7) He sent yet another fax informing the journalist that if he did not reply soon he would be fired.
1) another 再，又 Do you want another ice cream?
2) Informing that 在这里作状语
3) fire  v. 开除，解雇。近义词有dismiss
(8) When the journalist again failed to reply, the editor reluctantly published the articale as it had originally been written.
1) fail  两对词语辨析fail to do sth 和 fail in doing sth
● fail to do sth没有做或没有做成某事。He promised to write me a letter, but he failed to do so.
● fail in doing sth 做某事失败了。Jim failed in passing the exam.
2) reluctantly  adv .  不情愿地，类似unwillingly
reluctant    adj.  She was reluctant to admit she was wrong
3) as it had originally been written  as引导的是一个方式状语从句, 表示按照原先写地样式。
He operated the machine as the instruction said.
Jim Smith treated his component as he was treated in the past.
(9) Not only had the poor man been arrested, but he had been sent to prison as well.
1) not only 位于句首，必须采用倒装形式。否定副词位于句首，要倒装。常用的否定副词：never, seldom, rarely, little, hardly, scarcely, nowhere, no sooner
Never have I read such stories. 我从来没有读过这样的小说。
Nowhere can he find the book he wants. 无论在哪儿他都不到他想要的那本书。
Hardly did I think it possible. 我并不认为这是可能的。
2) 含有only 的状语位于句首，句子要倒装.
Only then did he realize that he had madea mistake.只有到那个时候，他才认识到自己犯了个错误。
Only when a great deal more informationhas been obtained will it be possible to plana trip.只有获得比较多的信息之后，才有可能计划去旅行。
3) 还有not 的副词短语位于句首，要倒装。
not for a moment, not in the least , not for an instant, not until
Not in the least is he interested in Englshliterature. 他对英国文学一点都不感兴趣。
Not for an instant did i believe he had lied.
4) 含有no 的短语位于句首，句子要倒装。
at no time, in no way, in no sence, by no means, in no case, on no account, on no condition , under no circumstances.‘绝不’

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