不定式作定语的用法
不定式及其短语作定语，与其他短语作定语一样，一般都放在被修饰的词之后，通常表示一个将来的动作，有时也可以表示某一过去的特定动作。
一些名词后常用不定式作定语，如：chance(机会），way(方法），time(时间）等；另外，the first,the second,the last,the only等作名词或者它们作形容词用来修饰代词，它们或它们所修饰的代词后，也常用不定式作定语。
不定式作定语时，不定式与被修饰词之间存在的关系复杂，有的是主谓关系；有的是动宾关系；有的是动状关系，还有的不存在主谓、动宾、动状关系。
1、主谓关系的
（1）We must find a person to do the work.
(2) There is no one to take care of her.
(3) In my family,my mother is always the first one to get up.
(4) He is always the first to come and the last to leave.
(5) We need someone to go and get a doctor.
2、动宾关系的
如果不定式与被修饰的词在逻辑上存在动宾关系，不定式里的动词必须是及物动词。注意：是及物动词的，后面不要再加宾语，因为前面的被修饰词是它的宾语；是不及物动词的，要加上适当的介词或副词让它变成及物动词，只有这样，它才能带上前面的宾语。
（1）He has a lot of books to read.
(2) I would like a magazine to look at.
(3) Here is some advice for you to follow.
(4) Do you have anything else to say?
(5) There is no one to take care of.
(6) She has nothing to worry about.
3、动状关系的
被修饰词如果是不定式里动词的状语，应多用介词短语。由于被修饰词前没有介词，所以只能在不定式里的动词后加介词。
（1）Please give me some paper to write on.
(2) Let"s find a room to put these things in
(3）I have no house to live in.
(4) He has no pen to write with.
(5) There are five pairs to choose from.
4、不存在主谓、动宾、动状关系的
被修饰词与不定式里的动词不存在主谓、动宾、动状关系的，被修饰词多是些抽象名词。
（1）I have no time to go to the movie.
（2）There"s no need to send for a doctor.
(3) Where"s the best place to meet?
(4) Is that the way to do it?
(5）I"m not sure about his ability to complete the task alone.
be 动词+过去分词：被动语态
have /has+过去分词：现在完成时
had+过去分词：过去完成时
名词+过去分词：过去分词做后置定语
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be 动词+过去分词：被动语态
The trees were planted on the hill  . （were planted ）
editor的名词和动词形式have /has+过去分词：现在完成时
Have you finished your homework？（have finished ）
had+过去分词：过去完成时
He said that he had been there twice. (had been )
名词+过去分词：过去分词做后置定语
The girl named Mary is my classmate. ( The girl named )
回答者：www花仙子|十三级| 2011-6-15 18:18
•过去分词（短语）作定语
We should pay attention to our spoken English.
单个过去分词作定语常放在它所修饰的名词之
前, 和它所修饰的名词存在动宾(被动)关系。
This is one of the schools built in 1980.
=This is one of the schools which were built in 1980
过去分词短语常放在它所修饰的名词之后，与
被修饰的名词之间存在动宾关系，相当于一个
定语从句，但是更简洁。
1) —I ’m very thirsty.
—You’d better drink some ___ water.
A. boiling
B. boil
C. boiled
D. to be boiled
过去分词（短语）作表语
The children were satisfied with his explanation
She looked worried.
过去分词（短语）用在系动词之后作表语，和句子主语之间存在动宾关系。
1. The r ooms are ____, so you can’t move in.
A. painted
B. painting
C. being painted
D. to be painted
过去分词作表语和被动语态的区别
This river is polluted.（过去分词作表语，表状态）
译：这条河被污染了
This river was polluted by the chemical plant.
（过去分词构成被动语态，表动作）
译：这条河是被那家化工厂给污染的。
过去分词作表语，表状态，相当于一个形容词；在被动语态中，过去分词表动作，常由by引出动作的发出者。
The windows are closed
The windows were closed by Jack
过去分词（短语）作宾语补足语
I found the small town changed a lot.(表动作已完成)
He wants the letter typed right away.(动宾关系)
过去分词（短语）在句子中作宾语补足语表示动作已完成，
或和宾语存在动宾关系。这类句子的谓语动词通常是表示
“感知”（如see, hear, feel, watch, notice, find等)、
“意愿”（如want, wish, expect, 等) 的动词，
或是使役动词（如make, have, keep, get 等）。
1.We saw the thief_________ (catch) by the police.
过去分词（短语）作状语
过去分词（短语）作状语，修饰谓语，常常表示时间、条件、原因、让步、伴随情况等，相当于对应的状语从句。它和主句的主语存在动宾关系。
a、表示时间
Seen from space, the earth looks blue.
When it is seen from space, the earth looks blue.
b、表示条件
Kept in refrigerator, these vegetables will remain
fresh.
If they are kept in refrigerator, these vegetables will remain fresh.
c、表示原因
Deeply moved by the movie, the girls began to cry.
As they were deeply moved by the movie, the girls began to cry.
d、表示伴随情况
She walked out of the house, followed by her daughter.
She walked out of the house, and was followed by her
daughter.
e、表示让步
Beaten by the enemy, he refused to let out the secret.
Although he was beaten by the enemy, he refused to
let out the secret.
1._____ a reply, he decided to write again.
A. Not receiving
B. Receiving not
C. Not having received
D. Having not received
2. ____in her new skirt ,she tried to make herself ____at the party .
A. Dressed; noticed
B. Dressing; noticed
C. Dressed; noticing
D. Dressing; being noticing
3. ____ better attention , the vegetables could have grown better
A. Giving
B. Given
C. Give
D. To give
回答者：幽晴幽梦|二级| 2011-6-16 10:45
英语分词用法
分词用法详析
分词也是一种限定动词，分为现在分词和过去分词。它保留着动词的若干特征，又具有形容词、副词的特征。分词有时态和语态变化，又带有宾语并能被状语修饰。分词在句中主要作定语、状语用，作表语也十分普遍。
一、分词的形式
语态
时态
主动语态
被动语态
一般式
doing
being done
完成式
having done
having been done
其否定形式是在doing之后加上not。
二、分词的作用
分词在句中可作定语、表语、状语、补足语等。
1、作定语
分词作定语有两种形式。它可以放在被修饰的名词之前，称为前置定语。有的放在被修饰的名词之后，称为后置定语。

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