required to maintain the oven at a given temperature with its ports open and(2)the average power required to maintain the oven at the same temperature with its ports closed.The test is conducted at100°C and at the maximum temperature at which the oven may be used.
6.1.2Seal all openings into the oven,including,but not necessarily limited to,the vent ports,door,thermometer ports, and the space around the blower shaft(if the blower motor is mounted externally).
6.1.3Install a watt-hour meter,as described in5.5,in the oven electrical supply line.
6.1.4Install a temperature sensor,such as a thermometer,2 m to3m away from the oven,at least1m away from any solid object,and approximately level with the oven air intake.Use the oven temperature indicator to measure the internal tem-perature of the oven.
6.1.5Raise the oven temperature to10062°C.When the temperature of the oven has stabilized,measure the consump-tion of power over a measured period of30to40min.Begin and end the measuring period at corresponding points of the cyclic temperaturefluctuation;for example,the moment when the heaters are switched on by the thermostat in the case of an “on/off”control.Measure and record the room temperature, which must not vary by more than2°C during the test.
6.1.6Remove the seals to restore the oven to its normal operating condition.If necessary,adjust the vents and dampers to positions estimated to provide the specified rate of ventila-tion.
6.1.7Repeat6.1.5.The average ambient air temperature must be within2°C of the average ambient temperature measured in6.1.5.
6.1.8Calculate the rate of ventilation in the oven using the following equation:
N53.59~P22P1!/~V·r·D T!(1) where:
N5number of air changes per hour,
P15average power consumption,with no ventilation, obtained by dividing the energy consumption deter-
mined from the watt-hour meter readings by the
duration of the test in hours,W,
P25average power consumption during ventilation,cal-culated in the same manner,W,
V5total volume of air circulated within the oven,m3(see Note1),
r5density of the ambient room air during the test, kg/m3(see Note2),and
D T5difference in temperature between the oven and the
ambient room temperature,°C.
N OTE1—This volume includes space outside the testing chamber.The amount of this additional space depends on the physical design of the oven.
N OTE2—The density of air at one atmosphere and20°C is1.205kg/m3.
6.1.9If the rate of ventilation is not within the specified limits for the oven,adjust the vents and dampers and repeat 6.1.7through6.1.8.
6.1.10Repeat6.1.2through6.1.9,except heat the oven to the maximum temperature at which the oven may be used.
6.1.11Report the following information:
6.1.11.1Identification of the oven,
6.1.11.2Date and location of test,
6.1.11.3Test temperatures,and
6.1.11.4Rate of ventilation at each temperature.
6.2Temperature Variation,Gradient,and Fluctuation: 6.2.1Summary of Test Method—Simultaneous temperature measurements are made at nine points in the oven chamber over a period of time to determine the time and space variations of temperature.The time variation(temperaturefluctuation) and the space variation(temperature gradient)can be reported separately from temperature variation,which is the combina-tion of the two.
6.2.2Set the vents and dampers in the oven to the settings needed for the specified range of rate of ventilation.
6.2.3Install nine thermocouples in the oven chamber(see 5.1and5.2).Place one thermocouple in each of the eight corners of the chamber50to60mm from each wall,and the ninth thermocouple within25mm of the geometric center of the chamber.Leave at least300mm of wire for each thermo-couple within the oven chamber,in order to minimize effects of heat conduction along the wire.
6.2.4Bring the oven to the selected operating temperature and allow it to stabilize for a minimum of16h.
6.2.5Measure the temperatures indicated by the nine ther-mocouples to0.1°C a sufficient number of times during one complete temperature variation cycle to permit the determina-tion of the maximum,minimum,and mean temperatures of each thermocouple during one cycle.Ambient room tempera-ture must not vary by more than a total of10°C,and supply voltage to the oven must not vary by more than a total of5% during this measuring period.
6.2.5.1Calculate the average of the nine mean temperatures to0.1°C and record as the set temperature of the oven.
6.2.5.2Calculate the difference between the highest maxi-mum temperature and the lowest minimum temperature deter-mined in6.2.5and record as the temperature variation.
6.2.5.3Calculate the difference between the highest tem-perature and the lowest temperature at any specific time during the temperature cycle,and record as the temperature gradient.
6.2.5.4Determine which thermocouple has the greatest difference between maximum temperature and minimum tem-perature over the temperature cycle and record difference as the temperaturefluctuation.
6.2.6Maintain the oven at the same operating temperature forfive days after the end of the stabilization period,and after the measurement of temperatures specified in6.2.5.Maintain ambient room temperature and supply voltage within the limits in6.2.5during the entire period.Repeat the measurements and calculations in6.2.5daily.
editor evaluating revision6.2.7For routine monitoring of oven characteristics,for example,as recommended in Appendix X1of Specification D5423,the stabilization time specified in  6.2.4may be reduced to8h,and the length of the test period following the initial temperature measurements specified in6.2.6may be reduced to24h(one day),with a single repetition of the temperature measurements.In case of doubt or dispute,use the longer time periods.
6.2.8Report the following
information:
6.2.8.1Identification of the oven,
6.2.8.2Date and location of test,
6.2.8.3Calculated set temperature for each measurement,
6.2.8.4Temperature variation for each measurement,and
6.2.8.5If specified,temperature gradient and temperature
fluctuation for each measurement.
6.3Thermal Lag Time :
6.3.1Summary of Test Method —A defined brass bar speci-
men is placed in the heated oven,and the difference between its
temperature and the oven air temperature is plotted against
time.The thermal lag time is the time in seconds required for
the temperature difference to be reduced to 10%of the
maximum observed temperature difference.
6.3.2Heat the oven to 20065°C and allow it to stabilize
for at least 1h.Stabilize a brass bar specimen (5.4)at room
temperature for at least 1h.
6.3.3Without turning off the oven,open the door(s)of the
oven 90°.Quickly hang the specimen in the geometric center
of the oven,using a heat-resistant nonmetallic cord.The
orientation of the axis of the specimen is not significant.
Suspend the other junction of the thermocouple 80to 100mm
from the brass bar.Leave the oven door(s)open for a total of
6061s,then close the oven.Record the temperature
difference,as indicated by the two junctions of the differential
thermocouple,at least once every 10s until the maximum
temperature difference has been obtained.Continue recording
at least once every 30s until the temperature difference has dropped below 10%of maximum.6.3.4Plot the recorded temperature values against the time in seconds since closing the oven.6.3.5Divide the maximum temperature difference by ten and record as T 10.Then record as the thermal lag time the time in seconds,taken from the plot of temperature difference versus time,for the temperature differenc
e to reach T 10,after the time of maximum temperature difference.6.3.6Report the following information:6.3.6.1Identification of the oven,6.3.6.2Date and location of the test,6.3.6.3Set temperature of the oven,and 6.3.6.4The determined thermal lag time,in seconds.7.Precision and Bias 7.1The precision of the individual methods given herein has not been determined,and no activity is planned to determine the precision.7.2The bias of the individual methods is largely dependent upon the accuracy of temperature measurement attainable using the available apparatus.8.Keywords 8.1forced-convection;ovens;set temperature;temperature fluctuation;temperature gradient;thermal endurance evalua-tion;thermal lag time;ventilated;ventilation rate
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