Author Guidelines for the Preparation of Contributions to Springer Computer Science Proceedings  Alfred Hofmann1,*, Ralf Gerstner1, Anna Kramer1, and Frank Holzwarth2
1 Springer-Verlag, Computer Science Editorial, Heidelberg, Germany
{alfred.stner,anna.kramer}@springer
2 Springer-Verlag, Technical Support, Heidelberg, Germany
frank.holzwarth@springer
Abstract. The abstract is a mandatory element that should summarize the con-
tents of the paper and should contain at least 70 and at most 150 words. Ab-
stract and keywords are freely available in SpringerLink.
Keywords: We would like to encourage you to list your keywords here. They
should be separated by middots.
1Introduction
You will find here Springer’s guidelines for the preparation of proceedings papers to be published in one of the following series, in printed and electronic form:
∙Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS), incl. its subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence (LNAI) and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics (LNBI), and LNCS Transactions;
∙Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing (LNBIP);
∙Communications in Computer and Information Science (CCIS);
∙Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Tele-communications Engineering (LNICST);
∙IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology (IFIP AICT), for-merly known as the IFIP Series;
∙Proceedings in Information and Communication Technology (PICT).
Your contribution may be prepared in LaTeX or Microsoft Word. Technical Instruc-tions for working with Springer’s style files and templates are provided in separate documents which can be found in the respective zip packages on our website.
*No academic titles or descriptions of academic positions should be included in the addresses.
The affiliations should consist of the author’s institution, town, and country.
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2Preparation of Your Paper
2.1Structuring Your Paper
Affiliations. The affiliated institutions are to be listed directly below the names of the authors. Multiple affiliations should be marked with superscript Arabic numbers, and they should each start on a new line as shown in this document. In addition to the name of your affiliation, we would ask you to give the town and the country in which it is situated. If you prefer to include the entire postal address, then please feel free to do so. E-mail addresses should start on a new line and should be grouped per affiliation. Headings.Headings should be capitalized (i.e., nouns, verbs, and all other words except articles, prepositions, and conjunctions should be set with an initial capital) and should, with the exception of the title, be aligned to the left. Only the first two levels of section headings should be numbered, as shown in Table 1. The respective font sizes are also given in Table 1. Kindly refrain from using “0” when numbering your section headings.
Table 1. Font sizes of headings. Table captions should always be positioned above the tables.  Heading level Example Font size and style Title (centered) Lecture Notes14 point, bold
1st-level heading    1 Introduction12 point, bold
2nd-level heading    2.1 Printing Area10 point, bold
3rd-level heading Run-in Heading in Bold. Text follows10 point, bold
4th-level heading Lowest Level Heading. Text follows10 point, italic Words joined by a hyphen are subject to a special rule. If the first word can stand alone, the second word should be capitalized.
Here are some examples of headings: “Criteria to Disprove Context-Freeness of Collage Languages”, “On Correcting the Intrusion of Tracing Non-deterministic Pro-grams by Software”, “A User-Friendly and Extendable Data Distribution System”, “Multi-flip Networks: Parallelizing GenSAT”, “Self-determinations of Man”.  Lemmas, Propositions, and Theorems.The numbers accorded to lemmas, proposi-tions, and theorems, etc. should appear in consecutive order, starting with Lemma 1. Please do not include section counters in the numbering like “Theorem 1.1”.
2.2Length of Papers
editorial文章
We only wish to publish papers of significant scientific content. Very short papers will be moved to the back matter, will not be made available for indexing, and will not be visible as individual papers on SpringerLink.
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2.3 Page Numbering and Running Heads
There is no need to include page numbers or running heads; this will be done at our
end. If your paper title is too long to serve as a running head, it will be shortened.
Your suggestion as to how to shorten it would be most welcome.
2.4 Figures and Tables
It is essential that all illustrations are clear and legible. Vector graphics (rather than
rasterized images) should be used for diagrams and schemas whenever possible.
Please check that the lines in line drawings are not interrupted and have a constant
width. Grids and details within the figures must be clearly legible and may not be
written one on top of the other. Line drawings are to have a resolution of at least 800
dpi (preferably 1200 dpi). The lettering in figures should not use font sizes
p o w e r  f l u c t u a t i o n  (1555 n m ), d B time, ms
Fig. 1. Power distribution of channel at 1555 nm along the link of 383 km (Source: LNCS
5412, p. 323)
Fig. 2. Artifacts empowered by Artificial Intelligence (Source: LNCS 5640, p. 115)
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smaller than 6 pt (~ 2mm character height). Figures are to be numbered and to have a
caption which should always be positioned under the figures, in contrast to the caption
belonging to a table, which should always appear above the table.
Captions are set in 9-point type. If they are short, they are centered between the
margins. Longer captions, covering more than one line, are justified (Fig. 1 and Fig. 2
show examples). Captions that do not constitute a full sentence, do not have a period.
Text fragments of fewer than four lines should not appear at the tops or bottoms of
pages, following a table or figure. In such cases, it is better to set the figures right at
the top or right at the bottom of the page.
If screenshots are necessary, please make sure that the essential content is clear to
the reader.
Remark 1. In the printed volumes, illustrations are generally black and white (half-
tones), and only in exceptional cases, and if the author or the conference organization
is prepared to cover the extra costs involved, are colored pictures accepted. Colored
pictures are welcome in the electronic version free of charge. If you send colored
figures that are to be printed in black and white, please make sure that they really are
also legible in black and white. Some colors show up very poorly when printed in
black and white.
2.5Formulas
Displayed equations or formulas are centered and set on a separate line (with an extra
line or half line space above and below). Displayed expressions should be numbered
for reference. The numbers should be consecutive within the contribution, with num-
bers enclosed in parentheses and set on the right margin. Please do not include section
counters in the numbering.
x + y = z (1) Equations should be punctuated in the same way as ordinary text but with a small
space before the end punctuation mark.
2.6Footnotes
The superscript numeral used to refer to a footnote appears in the text either directly
after the word to be discussed or – in relation to a phrase or a sentence – following the
punctuation mark (comma, semicolon, or period).1
For remarks pertaining to the title or the authors’ names, in the header of a paper,
symbols should be used instead of a number (see first page of this document). Please
note that no footnotes may be included in the abstract.
1The footnote numeral is set flush left and the text follows with the usual word spacing.
5 2.7Program Code
Program listings or program commands in the text are normally set in typewriter font: program Inflation (Output)
{Assuming annual inflation rates of 7%, 8%, and
10%,...  years};
const  MaxYears = 10;
var    Year: 0..MaxYears;
Factor1, Factor2, Factor3: Real;
begin
Year := 0;
Factor1 := 1.0; Factor2 := 1.0; Factor3 := 1.0;
WriteLn('Year 7% 8% 10%'); WriteLn;
repeat
Year := Year + 1;
Factor1 := Factor1 * 1.07;
Factor2 := Factor2 * 1.08;
Factor3 := Factor3 * 1.10;
WriteLn(Year:5,Factor1:7:3,Factor2:7:3,
Factor3:7:3)
until Year = MaxYears
end.
[Example of a computer program from Jensen K., Wirth N.: Pascal User Manual and Report. Springer, New York (1991)]
2.8Citations and Bibliography
For citations in the text, please use square brackets and consecutive numbers. We would write [1,2,3,4,5] for consecutive numbers and [1], [3], [5] for non-consecutive numbers. The numbers in the b
ibliography section are without square brackets. We prefer numbered references to other styles of references, such as those with abbreviat-ed names and years.
Please write all references using the Latin alphabet. If the title of the book you are referring to is, e.g., in Russian or Chinese, then please write (in Russian) or (in Chi-nese) at the end of the transcript or translation of the title.
In order to permit cross referencing within SpringerLink, and eventually between different publishers and their online databases, Springer standardizes the format of the references. This feature aims to increase the visibility of publications and facilitate academic research. Please base your references on the examples given in the refer-ences section of these instructions. References that do not adhere to this style will be reformatted at our end.
We would like to draw your attention to the fact that references to LNCS proceed-ings papers are particularly often reformatted due to missing editor names or incom-plete publisher information. This adjustment may result in the final papers as pub-

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