附录 A
Because the gearbox inputs stalk and exportation stalk with respectively of the speed revolve, transformation file match to exist a "synchronous" problem.2's revolving strong line of Nie of different wheel gear of speed to match by all means will take place to pound at collision and damage wheel gear.Therefore, the way that the old type gearbox shifts gear to want the adoption"two feet leave to match", rise the file stops over a short moment in the blank on schedule position, reducing the file has to accelerate in the blank on schedule position to reduce becoming of wheel gear soon bad.But this operation is more complicated, and is hard to control precision.Therefore the designer creates "synchronous machine", it makes through a synchronous machine will the Nie match of the wheel gear attain unanimously and turn soon but the smooth Nie match.
When the close together file converts mutually, should adopt the truth of dissimilarity operation step to equally be applicable to move the circumstance that the wheel gear shifts gear, just former of treating and joining together the turning of Chi turn and coalescence set Cape speed have consistent request, and then of treating and joining together the line speed that the wheel gear Nie matches a point have consistent request, but basis of speed's analyzing principle is similar.The gearbox shifts gear an operation, particularly from upscale operate toward the shifting gear of low file more complicated, and v
ery easy creation round Chi or the flower key impact between the chis.For the sake of simplification operation, and keep Chi from pounding at, can be shifting gear to establish a synchronous machine in the device.The inertial type synchronous machine is depending on rubbing a function realization is synchronous, above it the noodles establishes ad hoc organization to promise that the coalescence set isn't likely to get in touch with before attaining synchronously with the flower that need to be joined together key Chi turn, avoided Chi impact thus.
附录 B
由于变速器输入轴与输出轴以各自的速度旋转，变换档位时合存在一个"同步"问题。两个旋转速度不一样齿轮强行啮合必然会发生冲击碰撞，损坏齿轮。因此，旧式变速器的换档要采用"两脚离合"的方式，升档在空档位置停留片刻，减档要在空档位置加油门，以减少齿轮的转速差。但这个操作比较复杂，难以掌握精确。因此设计师创造出"同步器"，通过同步器使将要啮合的齿轮达到一致的转速而顺利啮合同步器有常压式和惯性式。
目前全部同步式变速器上采用的是惯性同步器，它主要由接合套、同步锁环等组成，它的特点是依靠摩擦作用实现同步。
接合套、同步锁环和待接合齿轮的齿圈上均有倒角（锁止角），同步锁环的内锥面与待接合齿轮齿圈
外锥面接触产生摩擦。锁止角与锥面在设计时已作了适当选择，锥面摩擦使得待啮合的齿套与齿圈迅速同步，同时又会产生一种锁止作用，防止齿轮在同步前进行啮合。
当同步锁环内锥面与待接合齿轮齿圈外锥面接触后，在摩擦力矩的作用下齿轮转速迅速降低（或升高）到与同步锁环转速相等，两者同步旋转，齿轮相对于同步锁环的转速为零，因而惯性力矩也同时消失，这时在作用力的推动下，接合套不受阻碍地与同步锁环齿圈接合，并进一步与待接合齿轮的齿圈接合而完成换档过程。
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