考点10情态动词与虚拟语气的高考实战
应用一情态动词、虚拟语气与语法填空情态动词和虚拟语气与语法填空
对于情态动词在语法填空中的考查主要注意情态动词的一般用法以及“情态动词＋have done”的用法；而对于虚拟语气的考查除了注意情态动词的选用，还需注意一般过去时与过去完成时在虚拟语气中的考查。
[典型题练习]
在空白处填入适当的情态动词或用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
1．[2018·北京卷]In today's information age，the loss of data________cause serious problems for a company.
2．[2018·北京卷]They might have found a better hotel if they________(drive) a few more kilometers.
3．[2018·天津卷]I can't find my purse.I________(leave) it in the supermarket yesterday，but I'm not sure.
4．[2018·天津卷]If we________(catch) the flight yesterday，we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach now.
5．[2017·北京卷]Samuel，the tallest boy in our class，________easily reach the books on the top shelf.
6．[2017·北京卷]If the new safety system________(put) to use，the accident would never have happened.
7．[2017·天津卷]My room is a mess，but I________clean it before I go out tonight.I can do it in the morning.
8．[2017·天津卷]—Do you have Betty's phone number?
—Yes.Otherwise，I________(be) able to reach her yesterday.
9．[2017·江苏卷]________(be) it not for the support of the teachers，the student could not overcome her difficulty.
10．[2016·北京卷]I love the weekend，because I___________get up early on Saturdays and Sundays.
11. [2020·天津卷]Jim says we ________ stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and
tidy.
12．[2016·天津卷]It was really annoying；I ________ not get access to the data bank you had recommended.
13．[2016·北京卷]I love the weekend，because I ________ not get up early on Saturdays and Sundays.
14．[2021·苏锡常镇教情调查]Ann said whenever her father was unhappy he ________ go out and buy something, usually something large and useless.
15．[2018·天津卷]I can't find my purse. I might ________ (leave) it in the supermarket yesterday, but I'm not sure.
16．[浙江卷]George ________ (not go) too far. His coffee is still warm.
17．[2021·天津河东一模]—Where is my Chinese book? I remember I put it here yesterday.
—You ________ have put it in the wrong place.
18．[2021·湖北四地七校第一次联考]It is high time that you ________ (consider) that if there were no stress in your life，you would achieve a little.
19．[2021·肇庆模拟]He was still running with a smile on his face，as if nothing ________ (happen)．
20．[2021·东北三校联考]The order came that the medical supplies ________ (send) to the earthquake­stricken area soon.
21．[2021·甘肃天水一中段考]John wants to see me now，but I have so much work on hand that I would rather he ________ (come) tomorrow than today.
22．[2017·北京卷]Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, ________ easily reach the books on the top shelf.
23．[2020·江苏卷]If I hadn't been faced with so many barriers, I ________ (not be) where I am.
24．[2019·天津卷]The workers were not better organized，otherwise they ________ (accomplish)the task in half the time.
25．[2019·江苏卷]What a pity！You missed the sightseeing，or we ________ (have) a good time together.
26．[2018·江苏卷]There is a good social life in the village，and I wish I ________ (have) a second chance to become more involved.
答案：1.can  2.had driven  3.could/might have left
4．had caught  5.can  6.had dn't
8．wouldn't have dn't
11．can12．could13．need14．would15．have left16．can't/couldn't have gone 17．sidered/should consider19．had happened20．(should) be sent
21．came would rather22．can23．wouldn't be 24．would have accomplished
25．would have had26．had
[应对策略]
1．若句中谓语动词为原形，在其前设纯空格题时，注意考虑情态动词与助动词。然后根据句意或句式结构填入恰当的情态动词或助动词。
2．一旦判断所给动词在句中作谓语后，就考虑其时态、语态、语气、主谓一致等。注意虚拟语气中的时态，除了if虚拟条件句，还应注意虚拟语气的标志词，如suggest，would rather，as if，wish，otherwise，or，but for等。
例1[2020·天津卷]Jim says we ________ stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy. 【错因分析】
学生对情态动词的使用不熟悉
【学霸解题】
该题考查情态动词。句意：只要我们保持房子干净整洁，吉姆就允许我们待在他的房子里。根据as long as所引导的条件状语从句可知，此处应填can。
【秒杀技巧】
can/could 的基本用法
(1)表示能力(could常用于过去的能力)。
Many people can use the computer.
许多人会用电脑。
No one could answer this challenging question.
没人能回答这个具有挑战性的问题。
(2)表示客观或理论上的可能性。
It can be very hot here in summer.
这里夏天有时会很热。
Accidents can happen to any drunken driver.
醉酒的司机都有可能发生交通事故。
(3)表示请求或允许。在疑问句中could可以代替can，语气更委婉。
Can I have a word with you？It won't take long.
我可以和你谈谈吗？不会花很多时间的。
(4)表示推测，意为“可能”，用于否定句和疑问句。can比could语气强。
He can't be our manager.He has gone to Beijing.
他不可能是我们的经理。我们经理已经去北京了。
情态动词和虚拟语气考点汇总：
考点一can，could与be able to的用法
1．表示现在的能力：can，am/is/are able to。
2．表示将来的能力：will be able to。
33岁学霸第12次高考
3．表示过去的能力：could表示过去的能力，不表示是否成功地做了；was/were able to表示过去有能力做而且成功地做了。
4．can/could表示惊讶，常用在否定句和疑问句中。
5．can/could表示礼貌地请求别人做某事，意为“能，可以”。
[活学巧练]完成句子
①[2016·天津卷]It was really annoying；I________get across to the data bank you had recommended.(过去的能力)
真令人恼火。我不能进入你推荐的数据库。
①The smallest good habits________make a big difference.
最小的好习惯会产生很大的作用。
①After years of hard work he________win the prize.
多年的努力之后，他最终赢得了这个奖品。
①How ________you do such a silly thing？(表示惊讶)
你怎么能做那样的蠢事呢？
答案：①couldn't①can①was able to①could
考点二may与might的用法
1．表示请求、允许时，might比may的语气更委婉一些，否定回答时要用mustn't，表示“不可以；禁止；阻止”之意。
2．may/might还可以表示推测，意为“可能”。
3．“may/might as well＋动词原形”意为“最好，倒不如”。
[活学巧练]单句语法填空/完成句子
①—________I play basketball this afternoon?
—No，you can't.
①If you think the price of beef is too high，you ________________buy some pork.It depends on you.
如果你认为牛肉太贵的话，你不妨买些猪肉。你自己决定。
答案：①May①might as well
考点三must的用法
1．must用于否定句，表示“禁止”，表示说话者的命令或指令，语气比较强烈。
2．must表示必要性，意为“必须”。
3．must表示偏执、固执，意为“非得，偏要”。
[活学巧练]单句语法填空
①[2015·北京卷]—Can't you stay a little longer?
—It's getting late.I really________go now.My daughter is home alone.
①If you________go，at least wait until the storm is over.
①Hurry up！They________(wait) for us now.
答案：①must①must①must be waiting
考点四need与dare的用法
1．need作情态动词时，主要用于否定句和疑问句中。
2．dare作情态动词时，主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句中，一般不用在肯定句中。

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