附录A
The clutch
The clutch is a device to engage an disengage power from the engine, allowing the vehicle to stop and start.
The diaphragm spring clutch consists of the clutch plate , the diaphragm spring , the pressure plate , the tortional vibration damper and the cover.
When the clutch and pressure plates are locked together by friction , the clutch shaft rotates with the engine crankshaft . Power is transferred form the engine to the transmission , where it is routed through different gear ratios to obtain the best speed and power to start and keep the vehicle moving.
The clutch plate or driven member consists of a round metal plate attached to a splined hub. The outer portion of the round plate is covered with a friction material of molded or woven asbestos and is riveted or bonded to the plate. The thickness of the clutch plate and/or facings may be warped to give a softer clutch engagement . Coil springs are often installed in the hub to help provide a cushion cushion against the twisting the twisting force of clutch engagement . The splined hub is mated to (and turns) a splined transmission shaft when the clutch is engage.下载翻译器英文翻中文
A pressure plate or "driving member" is bolted to the engine flywheel and a clutch plate or "driven member "is located between the flywheel and the pressure plate. The clutch plate is splined to the shaft extending from the transmission to the flywheel, commonly called a clutch shaft or input shaft.
附录B
离合器
离合器是一个传递和切断发动机动力使汽车可停止和前进的装置.
膜片弹簧离合器由：从动盘，膜片弹簧，压盘，扭转减震器，离合器盖，操纵机构组成。
当从动盘和压盘由摩擦力被压在一起时，离合器和发动机曲轴一起旋转。动力从发动机传到变速器，通过不同大小的齿轮啮合来获得最佳速度和动力驱使汽车前进。
离合器从动盘，为从动件，有圆形金属盘组成，与花键轴相连。从动盘外侧部分覆盖了塑形或编制的石棉，并用铆钉或粘合的摩擦材料。从动盘的厚度和（或者）表面弯曲会使啮合平顺。螺旋弹簧通过装配在花键毂（扭转减震器）提供缓冲抵消啮合是的转矩。离合器的啮合从过花键和花键轴传递转矩。
压盘，主动件，用螺栓固定在离合器盖与发动机飞轮相连。从动盘被动件位于压盘和飞轮之间，从动盘与变速器延伸到飞轮的被称作输入轴通过花键连接。

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