关雎
关关雎鸠，
在河之洲。
窈窕淑女，
君子好逑。
参差荇菜，
左右流之。
窈窕淑女，
寤寐求之。
英文翻译中文翻译
求之不得，
寤寐思服。
悠哉悠哉，
辗转反侧。
参差荇菜，
左右采之。
窈窕淑女，
琴瑟友之。
参差荇菜，
左右芼之。
窈窕淑女，
钟鼓乐之。
Turtledove
Guan-guan-guan,the turtledoves are singing On the islet in the river flowing.
The beautiful,quiet,and modest maiden
Is a proper spouse for the gentleman. From the left to the right she dredges up The jagged banana-plants in water.
The beautiful,quiet,and modest maiden, He woos in dreams or when he awakens.
If he fails to get her sweet love by pursuit, Day and night he yearns for her with his suit. O,the yearning for her becomes so deep,
He tosses from side to side with no sleep.
From the left to the right she gently plucks
The jagged banana-plants in water.
Playing the stringed instrument and the harp,
He makes friends with the quiet,modest maiden.
From the left to the right she mildly picks
The jagged banana-plants in water.
Playing the sound carillon and the drum,
He pleases the quiet and modest maiden.
赏析
《诗经》是我国古代最早的一部诗歌总集，也是人类历史上最早的诗歌创作的一部分，共有305篇，包括从周初（公元前十一世纪）到春秋中期（公元前七世纪）约500年间的作品，其中大部分是经过整理的古人口头歌谣。
《关雎》乃春秋时代之作，是一首以爱情为主题的经典诗篇。它在《诗经》中排列首位，或许是出于正如孔子《论语》对其所做出的评价“乐而不淫，哀而不伤”之故。孔子对《关雎》的创作给予极高评价。
有的学者认为本诗写的是贵族男女间的爱情，有的却认为它是民间情歌。提出写贵族男女间爱情的学者认为“窈窕淑女，君子好求”句显示出了男女双方都是在当时社会中有相当地位的人；还有的甚至认为
“君子”指的应该是皇亲国戚，“淑女”为皇亲贵女之列，只有在贵族家庭里才有琴瑟钟鼓之类的乐器。而提出本诗是民间情歌者认为在河里采择荇菜的女人不可能是贵族妇女，只有民间妇女才参与此类劳动。似乎谁的说法都有道理，孰是孰非一时很难评说。由于《诗经》年历久远，各学派所提出的观点也许并非绝对正确。因此在这里所做的赏析一律撇开来自对本诗所产生的各种学术性问题的争论，只从朴素的艺术美学角度去赏识它的外形与内质之美。
这是一首优美的爱情恋歌，描述了一位男士对意中情人大胆而执著的追求。男方对女方的爱情始发于景，逐渐发展到如果得不到心爱的淑女就落于朝思暮想，夜不能寝的境地；由此可见男方对女方的思慕之情该有多深啊！从一开始，诗的第一章中的“窈窕淑女，君子好逑”就向读者表述了男方对女方的爱是有明确的婚姻目的的。取个新娘回来，夸她貌美又贤惠，说自己对她日念暮思，甚至都要想出病来了，姑娘一定感到由衷的高兴。“琴瑟友之”，“钟鼓乐之”，为了使新娘快乐，彼此的感情互相靠近，男方弹琴击鼓，让他们沉浸在一片欢乐的海洋里，从此开创美满的家庭婚姻生活。
自古以来，诗、词、文大都有写景与情。情与景，情为根，景为苗；情为景之魂，景为情之躯；情依景载，景因情居；景为诗媒，情为诗胚，合而为诗也。本诗分为三章，章章皆有写景带情，情景相济。
“关关雎鸠，在河之洲”；“参差荇菜，左右流之”；“参差荇菜，左右采之”；“参差荇菜，左右芼之”。显然，这些栩栩如生的景物与动作的描写似在写景，而实为写情；
借此景物引出所吟咏之情：“窈窕淑女，君子好逑”；“窈窕淑女，寤寐求之”；“窈窕淑女，琴瑟友之”；“窈窕淑女，钟鼓乐之”。很自然这些描写都是由景到情的平衡移入，读起来让人感到眼中有美景，心中有温情，情景互融，余味永留。
为了增强诗歌音调的和谐美和人物描写的生动性，这首诗用了一些双声叠韵的连绵字，如叠韵“窈窕”；双声“参差”；“辗转”既是双声又是叠韵。这类词用以描写动作，如“辗转反侧”；摹拟形象，如“窈窕淑女”；描绘景物，如“参差荇菜”，无不活泼逼真，声情并茂。
本诗在用韵方面，采取偶句入韵的方式。而且全篇三次换韵，又有虚字脚“之”字不入韵，而以虚字的前一字为韵。这种在用韵方面的参差变化，极大地增强了诗歌的节奏感和音乐美。
Appreciation
The Book of Songs,an earliest collection of poetry in the ancient China and one part of the earliest poetry in the human history,compiles305poems in all,including the works which appeared about five hundred years from the age of the early Zhou Dynasty(eleventh century BCE) to the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period(seventh century BCE).Most of the poems were derived from ancient ballads,which had been modified.
Turtledove,a classical verse with the theme of love,came into being in the Spring and Autumn Period.It occupies the first place in The Book of Songs,for it was perhaps given in The Analects by Confucius the wonderful appraisal that“it is joyous but not indecent,mournful but not distressing.”Apparently,Confucius deeply appreciated this poem.
Some scholars think that this is a poem about the love between lady and gentleman among the nobility,but others think it is a folk song of love.The scholars who note its description of love between a man and woman of the aristocracy say that the lines,“The beautiful,quiet,and modest maiden/Is a proper spouse for the gentleman,”are evidence that the man and the maiden here are persons of the highest class in that society;some scholars even think that in this poem“gentleman”means the relative of the Emperor,while“a fair maiden”denotes a daughter of the imperial families.These scholars think that only the noble families have kept the stringed instruments, zithers,sound carillons,and drums.Those keeping the poem as a folk song in their mind think that noble maidens never do physical labor,such as picking banana-plants in the river,which only the rural women do.It's difficult to say who is right or wrong,and,perhaps neither of the different schools of thought is absolutely right because The Book of Songs has experienced a very long history.In this essay,thus,we simply appreciate,from the angle of plain aesthetics and art,the external and internal f
eatures of this poem,and indiscriminately fend off the different academic controversies advanced by various schools.
This is a beautiful song of love which portrays a man who pursued boldly and inflexibly a maiden after his heart.The man fell in love with the woman;the love was caused by his view of her;gradually and continuously,it developed to a stage such that the man missed the maiden all the time and could not fall asleep if he was not able to marry her.What a deep love for the maiden in the man's mind!From the beginning,the lines,“The beautiful,quiet,and modest maiden/Is a proper spouse for the gentleman,”in the first stanza of the poem,express that the man had a definite purpose of marriage in mind because of his love for the woman.Taking home a wife,
praise her beauty and virtues;letting her know that he himself has yearned for her day and night and almost became ill thinking of her so that she must feel really pleased.“Playing the stringed instrument and the harp/He makes friends with the quiet,modest maiden”;“Playing the sound carillon and the drum,/He pleases the quiet and modest maiden.”In order to delight his bride and deepen their love,the groom plays the zither and beats the drum,and the lovers revel in a sea of happiness.Through marriage,they begin their happy family life.
Most poetry and essays,since the ancient times,have been written for feelings with views.In the relation between feelings and views:feelings are the root for views,views are the seedlings for feelings;feelings are the soul for views,views are the body for feelings;feelings are transferred by views,views exist for feelings;views are intermediaries for poetry,feelings are the embryos for poetry;and the intermediaries and embryos connect together to make poems.This poem consists of three stanzas,in each of which feelings are described harmoniously with views.
“Guan-guan-guan,the turtledoves are singing/On the islet in the river flowing”;“From the left to the right she dredges up/The jagged banana-plants in water”;“From the left to the right she gently plucks/The jagged banana-plants in water”;“From the left to the right she mildly picks/The jagged banana-plants in water.”Superficially,it seems that the poem limns picturesquely the scene and actions,but in fact it expresses feeling s—such feelings of enchantment revealed by the depiction of scenery as“The beautiful,quiet,and modest maiden/Is a proper spouse for the gentleman”;“The beautiful,quiet,and modest maiden/He woos in dreams or when he awakens”;“Playing the stringed instrument and the harp/He makes friends with the quiet,modest maiden”;“Playing the sound carillon and the drum,/He pleases the quiet and modest maiden.”These descriptions show naturally the balanced empathy from the views,and they will bring,while being read,wonderful scenes into the min
ds of readers,tender feelings into their hearts,and the aftertaste they leave will hover in the reader's mind for a long time because the feelings are integrated appropriately with the views.
In order to strengthen the lifelikeness of figure representations and the beauty of harmonious tune,such double initial consonants of Chinese syllables and rhyming words as“yao tiao”(a rhyme in Chinese);“can cha”(double initial consonants in Chinese);and“zhan zhuan”(double initial consonants and rhyme in Chinese)are used in this poem.The line,“He tosses from side to side with no sleep,”describes the man's action;“The beautiful,quiet,and modest maiden,”describes the image of the maiden;“The jagged banana-plants in water,”portrays the view.These descriptions present the vivid pictures with ample feelings and beautiful sounds.
In this poem the rhymes fall in the lines of even number,and they are changed three times. The empty word“zhi”(“之”),used as foot for some lines,is not used for rhyme,because the rhyme falls on the word just before it.The irregular changes of rhymes in poems can reinforce the effects of rhythm and musicality.

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