Unit 1
英译汉
Google has spent years analyzing who succeeds at the company. They have moved away from a focus on GPAs, brand-name schools, and interview brain teasers (智力测验题). Google's Senior Vice President of People Operations, Laszlo Bock, suggests that credentials are no longer sufficient for success. Bock points out that graduates of top schools can lack intellectual humility and that succeeding in academia isn't always a sign of being able to do a job. Successful bright young graduates rarely experience failure, and they find that their academic careers have not prepared them to fail gracefully in the real world. Google recognizes the importance of intellectual humility in its applicants. The company looks for the ability to step back and embrace other people's ideas when those ideas are better. Bock says the No. 1 thing he is looking for is general cognitive ability. It is learning ability. It is the ability to process information on the fly.
谷歌公司就什么人能在该公司取得成功这个问题做了多年的研究，研究关注的焦点不再是绩点、名牌大学、面试智力测验题。谷歌人力运营部高级副总裁拉斯洛•博克认为，想取得成功，只拥有学历证书是不够的。博克指出，顶尖高校的毕业生可能缺少智力上的谦逊，并且学业上的成功并不意味着工作能力强。聪
明的年轻学霸毕业生很少经历失败，他们会发现，在现实生活中，学业生涯并没有使自己做好大方接受失败的准备。谷歌认识到应聘者具有智力上的谦逊是十分重要的，他们所寻的是一种能退一步思考、接受别人更好想法的能力。博克说他想寻的首要素质就是常规的认知能力。那是一种学习的能力，是在繁忙的工作中处理信息的能力。
汉译英
“创客”指勇于创新，努力将自己的创意变为现实的人。这个词译自英文单词maker，源于美国麻省理工学院（Massachusetts Institute of Technology）微观装配实验室（fabrication laboratory）的课题。该课题以客户为中心，以创新为理念，由个人设计、制造满足个人需要的智能设备，参与该课题的学生即“创客”。在中国，“创客”特指具有创新理念、自主创业的人。中国的“创客”即包括发明新设备的科技达人，也包括软件开发者、艺术家、设计师等诸多领域的优秀代表。
Chuangke is a term that refers to innovative people who make an effort to turn their cuttingedge ideas into reality. The term is translated from the English word maker, which is derived from the fabrication laboratory project of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the US. It is a consumer-centred project, emphasizing innovation and designed to empower individuals to develop and produce smart devices to suit personal needs. The students participating in the project are called "makers". In China,
Chuangke refers to those who start their own businesses with innovative ideas. Chinese makers include tech-savvy people who dedicate themselves to creating new devices and distinguished innovators in various fields, such as software developers, artists and designers.
Unit 2
英译汉
E-books have changed the way we read, in ways both good and bad. On the plus side, people are reading more books. Amazon's Kindle e-reader and the Google Book Search service have now made a huge number of books available. According to data from Amazon, the convenience of access offered by the Kindle has resulted in users buying significantly more books than they did
before owning the device. However, although people are reading more, they may be doing so with less focus. Amazon has released a version of the Kindle app for reading its e-books on an iPhone, which means it will be much easier for readers to be distracted from their e-books as they switch to surfing the Internet and checking email and social media updates. As people read with less attention, they will no longer find themselves immersed in their books — one of the great joys of reading.
电子书改变了我们的阅读方式，这种改变既有好的一面也有坏的一面。从好的方面说，人们现在读书的量在增多。随着亚马逊Kindle 电子阅读器和谷歌图书搜索服务的出现，人们现在可以读到海量的图书。亚马逊的数据表明，Kindle用户在拥有Kindle电子阅读器之后购书量显著上升，因为用Kindle购书更加便捷了。虽然人们的读书量在增多，但读书专注度却在下降。亚马逊发布了一款Kindle 应用程序供人们在苹果手机上阅读Kindle电子书，这意味着读者看电子书时更容易分心了，因为他们会时不时地刷一下网页、查看一下邮件或社交平台的最新动态。随着人们读书注意力的下降，他们很难再体会到读书的一个最大的乐趣——完全沉浸在书籍的海洋中。
汉译英
每年在“世界读书日”这一天（4月23日），中国各地都会举办“全民阅读，书香中国”的活动，旨在培养全民阅读的风气（ethos），让更多的人知道阅读不只是知识分子、学生的功课，而且是每个人生活方式的一部分。阅读对个人成长的影响是巨大的，一个民族的精神境界在很大程度上也取决于全民的阅读水平。从2014年开始，“全民阅读”连续三年都被写入了中国政府工作报告，因为读书不仅会增强创新力量，而且会增强社会的道德力量
Every year on World Book Day (April 23), activities on "Nationwide Reading, Intellectual China" are organized all over China, to cultivate the ethos of reading in the country and spread the awareness tha
t reading should not only be for students and intellectuals, but be part of everyone's way of life. Reading has much to do with personal growth, and the spiritual level of a nation largely depends on the reading performance of its people. Starting from 2014, for three consecutive years "nation-wide reading" has been included in the Report on the Work of the Government in China, for reading is conducive not only to innovation but also to the moral sense of society.
3d综合版Unit 3
英译汉
No history of fashion in the years 1960 to 2010 can overlook or underestimate two constant factors: the ubiquitous jeans and the rise and fall of hemlines for women's skirts and dresses. Denim, the material which jeans are made of, was known in France in the late 16th century. In the late 1950s, jeans were bought and worn with huge enthusiasm by young American people and recognized as a symbol of a youthful, informal way of life. Through the baptism of the hippie movement and the punk period, and through a rising and falling economy, different styles, colours and fabrics have been combined into the enduring jeans, an ever-present part of fashion culture. As to the second constant factor, it has often been noted that there is also a precise correlation, with only a few exceptions, betw
een the length of women's skirts and the economy. As the stock market rises, so do hemlines, and when it falls, so do they. Exactly why women should want to expose more or less of their legs during periods of economic boom and bust remains a mystery.
1960 至2010年间的时装史存在两个不可忽略或不可低估的不变因素：一是无处不在的牛
仔裤，二是女装裙摆长度的变化。牛仔裤是用粗斜纹布做的，早在16世纪末法国就有了这种布料。从20世纪50年代后期开始，美国年轻人对牛仔裤趋之若鹜，视其为年轻随意的生活方式的象征。经过嬉皮士时代、朋克时代的洗礼以及经济起伏波荡的影响，牛仔裤经久不衰，不仅被融入了不同的款式、颜与面料，而且一直被视为是时尚文化一部分。至于第二个不变因素，人们时常会注意到，女人的裙摆和经济之间也存在一种颇为精确的关联性，且鲜有例外。股市升时裙摆也跟着提高；股市跌时裙摆就跟着降低。在经济繁荣和萧条时期女性到底为什么要多暴露或少暴露双腿至今仍然是个谜。
汉译英
中国的服装产业需要规范化，中国的服装设计需要创新，中国的元素需要品牌化。我们应该努力超越西方的服装风格，同时打破东方的传统观念，创造出属于中国的风格。这种风格，既不是迎合（cater to）欧美的时尚品味，也不是简单地通过应用纯中国的元素而达到民族复兴（renaissance）的目的。这种风格，是将具有东方风格的各种因素有机地结合在一起的同时，巧妙地融入西式服装的特征。它是中国传
统文化与世界多元文化的一种融合。There is a need to standardize the clothing industry in China. There should be more innovations in Chinese fashion design. Chinese elements in fashion design should have their own brands. While we are trying our best to transcend Western fashion styles, we should also try to break through the traditional Eastern concepts, eventually creating a style that can be called Chinese. Such a Chinese style neither caters to Western fashion tastes nor simply utilizes pure Chinese elements to achieve a national renaissance. Rather, this style features an organic combination of various Eastern elements, skillfully infused at the same time with the features of Western clothes. It is a merging of traditional Chinese culture and multiple world cultures.
Unit 4
英译汉
A garage sale (called "yard sale" in the US) is an informal event where people get rid of unwanted household items such as furniture, clothes, book, toys etc by selling them. The goods are usually sold from the house, but placed in the garage or the yard for the privacy of the householder and the convenience of the buyers. Garage sales, being informal, are mostly unregulated, so that the sellers do not need to obtain business licenses or collect sales tax, though a permit may be necessary in som
e places. Garage sales usually attract a great deal of interest from local residents, because it is possible to obtain items in good condition for low prices. For this reason, someone who is holding a garage sale needs to be prepared to get up early on the day of the sale, to deal with the many bargain-hunters who will be arriving early to buy up the best items
车库甩卖（在美国也称院子甩卖）是指人们出售不再需要的家居物品的非正式活动，比如家具、衣物、书籍、玩具等。出售地点通常是在家中，但出于隐私考虑，也为了更方便买家，物品会摆放在车库中或院子里。因为是非正式的，车库甩卖绝大部分是不受政府管制的，所以卖货者无须获取营业执照，也不用收消费税，只有一些地区需要一个许可证。车库甩卖通常会吸引大批的当地居民，因为他们有可能淘到物美价廉的用品。正因为如此，卖家需要在甩卖当天做好早起的准备，来应对许多早早前来搜罗便宜货、大买一番的买主。
汉译英
近年来，中国市场经济的发展使我国科学技术、生产力水平大幅度提高，社会文化事业大力发展，综合国力不断增强。市场经济在提高人民众生活水平，实现共同富裕的目标中发挥着巨大作用。与改革开放之初相比，中国人的消费习惯和生活方式已发生质的变化，温饱型的消费模式已逐渐被享受型的消费模式所取代，中国已进入（usher in）消费时代。人们对物质财富的追求反过来也大力推动了经济和社会的发展。
In recent years, with the development of the market economy in China, the level of development of our socio-cultural enterprises, as well as our science and technology and our productivity, has greatly increased, thus strengthening overall national power. The market economy also plays an enormous role in improving people's living standards and in fulfilling the goal of common prosperity. Compared with the early days of reform and opening up, substantial changes have taken place in Chinese people's spending habits and lifestyles, with consumption of basic food and clothing transformed gradually to consumption for pleasure, ushering in the consumption era. In turn, the pursuit of material wealth has also contributed tremendously to economic and social development.
Unit 5
英译汉
The feminist movement has changed the way people use English, which now tends towards the use of non-sexist and gender-inclusive language (中性语言). For example, it is now common to refer to a woman as "Ms", as this title, unlike "Mrs" or "Miss", does not indicate her marital status. Similarly, "humanity" is used instead of "mankind", and "he or she" is used in place of "he" when the gender of a person is unknown. Some writers, especially academics, have even taken to using "she" instead of "he
" in an effort to counter the perceived sexism of the traditional use of the masculine pronoun. Likewise, words such as "businessman" and "chairman" have become problematic because of the suffix -man; these are often replaced with "businessperson" and "chairperson". Interestingly, in North America, a male or female student in their first year at university is still usually referred to as a "freshman", the proposed alternative "freshwoman" for female students being yet to receive widespread acceptance.
女权主义运动改变了人们使用英语的方式，它倡导使用非性别歧视语言和中性语言。例如，现在人们通常用Ms（女士）来称呼女性，因为与Mrs（夫人）或Miss（小）不同，用Ms 可以避免提及她的婚姻状况。同样地，表示“人类”时，用humanity（人）而不是mankind （人类；男人）；当所指的人性别不明时，用“他或她”而不是“他”。一些作家，特别是在学术界，甚至开始用“她”来取代“他”，以此来消除一直以来阳性代词的使用所附带的性别歧视意味。同样地，使用那些用-man做后缀的词语，比如businessman（商人）和chairman（主席），也会出现一些问题，所以它们常常被businessperson和chairperson所取代。但有意思的是，在北美，通常大一新生不论男女都仍会被称作freshman，虽然有人提议用freshwoman 来指代大一女生，但这一用法还没有得到广泛的接纳。
汉译英
在中国，随着女性社会地位和教育程度的不断提高，越来越多的女性进入了高科技领域。一批杰出的女
科学家脱颖而出，她们以自己的聪明才智和对科学的热爱，在各个科技领域赢得了骄人的成绩，成为我国社会进步和经济发展的一支重要力量。2015 年，中国女药学家屠呦呦荣获“诺贝尔生理学或医学奖”，实现了我国自然科学领域诺贝尔奖零的突破，大幅提升了我国科学研究的国际影响力。
In China, with the increasing improvement of women's social status and education level, more and more women are entering the field of high technology. A number of remarkable women scientists have distinguished themselves in every scientific field and made extraordinary achievements with their intelligence, ingenuity and love of science, acting as an important force in the social and economic development of China. In 2015, the Chinese woman pharmacologist Tu Youyou won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Being the first winner from our country of that prize in the field of natural science, she has greatly extended the influence of Chinese scientific research in the international community.
Unit 6
英译汉
Herodotus (希罗多德), a 5th-century BC Greek historian, called "the father of history", is considered the first genuine historian in the Western tradition. This is because he was the first known historian to s
elect his materials from several different sources, and to compare them and arrange them into a coherent historiographic narrative (历史学叙述). TheHistories — the only work he is known to have produced — concerns the origins of the Persian Wars (波斯战争), and includes a wealth of geographical and ethnographical (人种志的) information. Ironically enough, he was once known by earlier scholars as the "father of lies", because despite his unusually modern approach to historiography, he also included distracting folk tales and unusual stories in his work. Modern scholars are more appreciative and consider him to be a pioneer in historiography, anthropology and ethnography because of the information he gathered on his numerous journeys.希罗多德是公元前5世纪的希腊历史学家，被称为“历史学之父”，在西方传统中，他被认为是第一个真正的历史学家，因为在已知的历史学家中，他是第一个从各种各样的素材中筛选自己的材料，并通过比较、整理形成完整连贯的历史学叙述。《历史》一书是他已知的唯一著作，这部著作记录了波斯战争的起源，包含了大量地理和人种志方面的资料。具有讽刺意味的是，早期的学者们曾称他为“谎言之父”，因为尽管他研究历史的方法很先进，但他会在自己的历史记载中掺入神话和传奇故事。他在游历各地时收集到的各种史料让当今的学者对他赞赏备至，认为他是研究历史学、考古学和人种志的先驱。
汉译英
中国古代的史官（historiographer）制度，起源很早。有证据表明，至少在商代，我国已出现了史官和
官方记事制度。早期史官记载虽然只是一种简单的史实记录，而非严格意义上的史学，却为后人研究古史留下了重要的文献资料。应当指出，在古代，这类官方记事制度并非中国所独有，但只有中国古代的史官制度一直沿用下来。就其本意而言，这种史官记事制度不仅在于系统记载和保存文献史料，实际上还负有监督最高统治者的责任。Historiography in China can date back to very ancient times. There is evidence that, as early as the Shang Dynasty, historiographers and the official recording of events had become institutionalized. Although the early historiographers made very simple records of historical events, not historiography in the strict sense, they left important historical documents and information for later generations in studying ancient history. It should be pointed out that in ancient times, the institution of such official recording of events was not unique to China, but only in China was it preserved for several thousand years. As for its initial purpose, historiographers recorded events not only to systematically record and preserve historical documents and materials, but to supervise the highest rulers.

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