Python3.x+pyqtgraph实现数据可视化教程--688IT编程网

Python3.x+pyqtgraph实现数据可视化教程

1、pyqtgraph库数据可视化效果还不错，特别是窗体程序中图像交互性较好；安装也很⽅便，⽤ pip 安装。

2、在Python中新建⼀个 .py ⽂件，然后写⼊如下代码并执⾏可以得到官⽅提供的很多案例（含代码），出现如下界⾯图像：

amples

图1

图2

图3

4、程序默认是⿊⾊背景，这个是可以修改的。⽐如，在程序的开头部分写⼊如下代码就可以修改背景：

pg.setConfigOption('background', 'w')

pg.setConfigOption('foreground', 'k')

5、⼀个修改背景颜⾊的完整案例如下，可以直接运⾏程序：

import numpy as np

import pyqtgraph as pg

from pyqtgraph.Qt import QtGui, QtCore

# 如下2⾏代码是我⾃⼰加⼊的，⽬的是修改默认的⿊⾊背景为其它颜⾊背景

pg.setConfigOption('background', 'w')

pg.setConfigOption('foreground', 'k')

from pyqtgraph.Point import Point

#generate layout

app = QtGui.QApplication([])

win = pg.GraphicsWindow()

win.setWindowTitle('pyqtgraph example: crosshair')

label = pg.LabelItem(justify='right')

win.addItem(label)

p1 = win.addPlot(row=1, col=0)

p2 = win.addPlot(row=2, col=0)

region = pg.LinearRegionItem()

region.setZValue(10)

# Add the LinearRegionItem to the ViewBox, but tell the ViewBox to exclude this

# item when doing auto-range calculations.

p2.addItem(region, ignoreBounds=True)

#pg.dbg()

p1.setAutoVisible(y=True)

#create numpy arrays

#make the numbers large to show that the xrange shows data from 10000 to all the way 0

data1 = 10000 + 15000 * pg.gaussianFilter(np.random.random(size=10000), 10) + 3000 * np.random.random(size=10000) data2 = 15000 + 15000 * pg.gaussianFilter(np.random.random(size=10000), 10) + 3000 * np.random.random(size=10000)

p1.plot(data1, pen="r")

p1.plot(data2, pen="g")

p2.plot(data1, pen="w")

def update():

region.setZValue(10)

minX, maxX = Region()

p1.setXRange(minX, maxX, padding=0)

t(update)

def updateRegion(window, viewRange):

rgn = viewRange[0]

region.setRegion(rgn)

t(updateRegion)

region.setRegion([1000, 2000])

#cross hair

vLine = pg.InfiniteLine(angle=90, movable=False)

hLine = pg.InfiniteLine(angle=0, movable=False)

p1.addItem(vLine, ignoreBounds=True)

p1.addItem(hLine, ignoreBounds=True)

vb = p1.vb

def mouseMoved(evt):

pos = evt[0] ## using signal proxy turns original arguments into a tuple

if p1.sceneBoundingRect().contains(pos):

mousePoint = vb.mapSceneToView(pos)

index = int(mousePoint.x())

if index > 0 and index < len(data1):

label.setText("x=%0.1f, y1=%0.1f, y2=%0.1f" % (mousePoint.x(), data1[index], data2[index])) vLine.setPos(mousePoint.x())

hLine.setPos(mousePoint.y())

proxy = pg.SignalProxy(p1.scene().sigMouseMoved, rateLimit=60, slot=mouseMoved)

#p1.scene().t(mouseMoved)

## Start Qt event loop unless running in interactive mode or using pyside.

if __name__ == '__main__':

import sys

if (sys.flags.interactive != 1) or not hasattr(QtCore, 'PYQT_VERSION'):

QtGui.QApplication.instance().exec_()

知识补充：python图形化实例分享--pyqt5与pyqtgraph嵌⼊绘图

序⾔

之前也写过⼀些图形化界⾯的程序，基本上都是⽤wxPython写的，确实简单粗暴易上⼿。这次的任务是要写⼀个绘图的程序，wx模块就显得不太友好了，我

就去⽹上了⼀些资料，发现PyQtGraph画这种K线图、波形图等图形真是太简单了，更多的关于wx、qt等模块的细节学习可以看我后⾯的参考资料，我这⾥

就分享⼀下我本程序的⼼得，和对有些⽅法使⽤上⾃⼰的理解

项⽬开始

引⽤头⽂件

pyqt5_draw_1 这是主程序⽂件，负责主窗⼝图形化界⾯

import sys # 与PyQt5配合使⽤

from PyQt5.QtWidgets import (QApplication, QMainWindow, QWidget, QGridLayout,

QHBoxLayout, QVBoxLayout,QLabel, QComboBox,QPushButton,

QDateEdit, QSpacerItem,QFrame, QSizePolicy, QSplitter,

QRadioButton, QGroupBox,QCheckBox,QLineEdit, QAction)

# 上⾯是QT图形化要引⽤的所有包

from PyQt5.QtCore import Qt, QDate, QRect # 对齐、时间等

from PyQt5.QtCore import QThread, pyqtSignal # 多线程管理

import pyqtgraph as pg # 绘图包

from Tmp_Data import * # ⾃定义⽂件，下⾯有介绍

from Mythreading import * # ⾃定义⽂件，下⾯有介绍

from pyqt5_graph import * # ⾃定义⽂件，下⾯有介绍

如果PyQt5、pyqtgraph未安装的，最简单的安装⽅式就⽤python⾃带的pip⼯具安装，如果没有pip的或不会安装可直接百度

c:\> pip install PyQt5 pyqtgraph

图形化主界⾯搭建

# pyqt5_draw_1.py ⽂件名

import sys

import cgitb

from PyQt5.QtWidgets import (QApplication, QMainWindow, QWidget, QGridLayout,

QHBoxLayout, QVBoxLayout,QLabel, QComboBox,QPushButton,

QDateEdit, QSpacerItem,QFrame, QSizePolicy, QSplitter,

QRadioButton, QGroupBox,QCheckBox,QLineEdit, QAction)

from PyQt5.QtCore import Qt, QDate, QRect

from TmpData import *

from Mythreading import *

from pyqt5_graph import *

class Qt_Test_Frame(QMainWindow):

Items = []

def __init__(self):

#super(Qt_Test_Frame, self).__init__(*args, **kw)

super().__init__()

# 初始化界⾯

self._initUI()

self.show()

def _initUI(self):

self.setWindowTitle("QT图形界⾯测试")

wwg = QWidget()

# 全局布局

wlayout = QVBoxLayout()

h1_wlayout = QHBoxLayout()

h2_wlayout = QHBoxLayout()

h3_wlayout = QHBoxLayout()

v4_wlayout = QVBoxLayout()

v5_wlayout = QVBoxLayout()

self.statusBar().showMessage("状态栏")

# 第⼀层

self._frist_story(h1_wlayout)

# 第⼆层

self._second_story(h2_wlayout)

# 第三层左

self._third_left(v4_wlayout, v5_wlayout)

# 第三层右

self._fouth_right(v5_wlayout)

# 加载

splt = self._my_line()

splt2 = self._my_line(False)

wlayout.addSpacing(10) # 增加布局间距

wlayout.addLayout(h1_wlayout)

wlayout.addSpacing(10) # 增加布局间距

wlayout.addLayout(h2_wlayout)

wlayout.addSpacing(10) # 增加布局间距

wlayout.addWidget(splt)

wlayout.addLayout(h3_wlayout)

wlayout.addWidget(self.statusBar())

h3_wlayout.addLayout(v4_wlayout, 0)

h3_wlayout.addWidget(splt2)

h3_wlayout.addLayout(v5_wlayout, 2)

#wlayout.setAlignment(Qt.AlignTop)

wwg.setLayout(wlayout)

self.setCentralWidget(wwg)

def _frist_story(self, h1_wlayout):

# 第⼀层布局

self.h1_combox1 = QComboBox(minimumWidth=100)

self.h1_combox1.addItems(wind_field)

self.h1_combox2 = QComboBox(minimumWidth=100)

self.h1_combox2.addItems(wind_mach_chooice(self.h1_combox1.currentText())) self.h1_combox3 = QComboBox(minimumWidth=100)numpy教程 pdf

self.h1_combox3.addItems(wind_blade)

self.h1_combox4 = QComboBox(minimumWidth=100)

self.h1_combox4.addItems(signal_type)

# ⾏为测试暂时⽆法使⽤

h1_cb1_action = QAction("风场选择", self)

h1_cb1_action.setStatusTip("请选择风场")

self.h1_combox1.addAction(h1_cb1_action)

h1_wlayout.addItem(QSpacerItem(20, 20))

h1_wlayout.addWidget(QLabel("风场"),0)

h1_wlayout.addWidget(self.h1_combox1,0)

h1_wlayout.addItem(QSpacerItem(40, 20))

h1_wlayout.addWidget(QLabel("风机"), 0)

h1_wlayout.addWidget(self.h1_combox2, 0)

h1_wlayout.addItem(QSpacerItem(40, 20))

h1_wlayout.addWidget(QLabel("叶⽚ID"), 0)

h1_wlayout.addWidget(self.h1_combox3, 0)

h1_wlayout.addItem(QSpacerItem(40, 20))

h1_wlayout.addWidget(QLabel("信号类型"), 0)

h1_wlayout.addWidget(self.h1_combox4, 0)

h1_wlayout.setAlignment(Qt.AlignLeft)

# 事件绑定

self.h1_t(self._wind_chooice)

def _second_story(self, h2_wlayout):

# 第⼆层布局

self.h2_date1 = QDateEdit(QDate.currentDate())

self.h2_date1.setCalendarPopup(True)

self.h2_date2 = QDateEdit(QDate.currentDate())

self.h2_date2.setCalendarPopup(True)

self.h2_button = QPushButton("运⾏")

self.h2_button2 = QPushButton("停⽌")

h2_wlayout.addItem(QSpacerItem(20, 20))

h2_wlayout.addWidget(QLabel("起始"),0)

h2_wlayout.addWidget(self.h2_date1)

h2_wlayout.addItem(QSpacerItem(50, 20))

h2_wlayout.addWidget(QLabel("结束"), 0)

h2_wlayout.addWidget(self.h2_date2)

h2_wlayout.addItem(QSpacerItem(70, 20))

h2_wlayout.addWidget(self.h2_button)

h2_wlayout.addWidget(self.h2_button2)

h2_wlayout.setAlignment(Qt.AlignLeft)

# 事件绑定

self.h2_t(lambda: self._start_func())

self.h2_t(lambda: self._stop_func())

def _third_left(self, v4_wlayout, v5_wlayout):

# 第三层布局

# 分量布局

v4_group_imf = QGridLayout()

vbox1 = QGroupBox("分量值")

self.radio_1 = QRadioButton("分量1")

self.radio_2 = QRadioButton("分量2")

self.radio_3 = QRadioButton("分量3")

self.radio_4 = QRadioButton("分量4")

self.radio_5 = QRadioButton("分量5")

self.radio_6 = QRadioButton("分量6")

self.radio_7 = QRadioButton("分量7")

self.radio_8 = QRadioButton("分量8")

self.radio_9 = QRadioButton("分量9")

self.radio_1.setChecked(True)

self.radio_val = self.()

# 优先级布局

v4_group_prior = QGridLayout()

vbox2 = QGroupBox("优先级")

cb1 = QCheckBox("叶⽚1")

cb2 = QCheckBox("叶⽚2")

cb3 = QCheckBox("叶⽚3")

self.v4_lineEdit = QLineEdit()

# 时间布局

v4_group_time = QGridLayout()

vbox3 = QGroupBox("时间选择")

self.v4_combox1 = QComboBox(minimumWidth=100)

self.v4_combox1.addItem("空")

# 按键

v4_button = QPushButton("显⽰图形")

# 写⼊⽹格格布局

v4_group_imf.addWidget(self.radio_1, 0, 0)

v4_group_imf.addWidget(self.radio_2, 0, 1)

v4_group_imf.addWidget(self.radio_3, 1, 0)

v4_group_imf.addWidget(self.radio_4, 1, 1)

v4_group_imf.addWidget(self.radio_5, 2, 0)

v4_group_imf.addWidget(self.radio_6, 2, 1)

v4_group_imf.addWidget(self.radio_7, 3, 0)

v4_group_imf.addWidget(self.radio_8, 3, 1)

v4_group_imf.addWidget(self.radio_9, 4, 0)

v4_group_prior.addWidget(cb1, 1, 0)

v4_group_prior.addWidget(cb2, 2, 0)

v4_group_prior.addWidget(cb3, 3, 0)

v4_group_prior.addWidget(QLabel("选择是："),4,0)

v4_group_prior.addWidget(self.v4_lineEdit, 5, 0)

v4_group_time.addWidget(self.v4_combox1)

# 写⼊左侧布局

vbox1.setLayout(v4_group_imf)

vbox2.setLayout(v4_group_prior)

vbox3.setLayout(v4_group_time)