非谓语的用法
名称 | 成分 | 基本用法与考点 |
现在 分词 | 主语 | 1. 表示活动 2.经常用形式主语it 两个固定句型 It is no use / good doing sth 做某事没用处/ 没好处 Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。 |
宾语 3 大 考点 | 1. 有些动词或一些句型结构中习惯跟 doing 做宾语。 Consider suggest look forward to excuse pardon admit delay put off fancy deny finish enjoy appreciate forbid imagine risk can’t help mind allow escape Be used to lead to devote to go back to stick to object to get down to Pay attention to can’t stand give up feel like insist on thank you for apologize for be busy (in ) have difficult / trouble(in) doing have a good / hard / wonderful time (in) doing spend time/money (in) doing what about / | |
2. doing 做宾语主动形式表被动的情况。 need / require / want doing The house needs / requires / wants repairing. be (well) worth doing The book is worth reading. | ||
3. 有些动词后接doing 与 to do 意思不同： regret to do 遗憾地、抱歉地做… remember to do 记着要去做某事 regret doing 后悔做过… remember doing 记得做过某事 forget to do 忘记要去做… can’t help (to) do sth 不能帮着做某事 forget doing 忘记做过某事 can’t help doing sth 抑制不住做某事 learn to do sth 学会了做某事 stop to do sth 停下来去做某事 learn doing sth 学习做某事 stop doing sth 停止正在做的事 go on to do sth 继续去做另外的事 try to do sth 努力，尽力做某事 go on doing sth 继续做某事 try doing sth 尝试做某事 mean to do sth 打算；故意做某事 mean doing sth 意味着做某事 | ||
定语 | 修饰限定一个名词或代词。与名词构成主谓关系、主谓且正在进行；或者说明名词的功能或作用。 单个的 doing 往往放在被修饰的名词之前，doing 短语往往放在被修饰的名词之后。 | |
状语 | 其实非谓语做状语是一种省略。 把一个状语定语从句或者并列句变为非谓语做状语的规则如下 1， 主语相同，省略主语；主语不同，主语不省略。 2， 谓语中有助动词 do 的直接省略，并把动词直接变为doing 3， 谓语动词有be 助动词的直接省略即可，不必有其它变化。 例句如下: Because Liming was ill ,Liming didn’t go to work. Being ill, Liming didn’t go to work. Because Liming’s mother was ill ,Liming didn’t go to work. Liming’s mother being ill , Liming didn’t go to work If weather permits , we will go for a picnic this weekend. Weather permitting , we will go for a picnic this weekend. When Tom was asked about his secret of his success, Tom owed his success to his wife and his children When asked about his secret of his success, Tom owed his success to his wife and his children. When Mother was watching TV, I was doing my homework. Mother watching TV, I was doing my homework. After I had finished my homework , I went home . Having finished my homework , I went home. | |
补语 | 区分 doing 与 to do 做补语的不同 feel listen to hear have see watch look at notice observe ...+ sb doing sth 表示感到 / 听到 / 让 / 看到某人正在做某事 feel listen to hear let make have see watch look at notice observe ...+ sb do sth 表示感到reported / 听到 / 让 / 看到某人做了某事 | |
表语 | 有一些表示人的情感的词，后接ing 意思与后接 ed 不同。 使惊讶 surprise surprised surprising 使害怕 scare scared scaring frighten frightened frightening 使激动 excite excited exciting 使感动 move moved moving 使满意 satisfy satisfied satisfying / satisfactory 使担心 worry worried worrying concern concerned concerning trouble troubled troubling bother bothered bothering 使愉悦 please pleased pleasing / pleasant 使高兴 delight delighted delighting 使相信 convince convinced convincing | |
ved | 定语 | 表示被动；被动且完成； 完成 boiled eggs a retired worker fallen leaves workers trapped in the well |
状语 | 参考现在分词。 考点1，有些固定词组。 be lost in… be faced with… be stuck / trapped / caught in … be prepared to do … be intended as ... be intended to ... be be determined to do … be absorbed in … be devoted to… be convinced of… be convinced that… 考点2 插入语，与句子主语无关，表示说话人的一种语气。 Generally / strictly / frankly …speaking, 一般 / 严格 / 坦白… 来说 Judging by / from 根据…判断 Taking… into consideration把…考虑在内 believe it or not 信不信由你 | |
补语 | 表被动 Have sb do sth. 让某人做某事 Have sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事 Have sth done 1,让某物被别人让做不是自己做。 2，表示不幸的遭遇。 | |
表语 | 参考现在分词 | |
to do sth | 主语 | 往往用形式主语 it It is adj of sb. to do sth. It is adj for sb. to do sth. |
宾语 | 考点一。有些动词习惯用 to do 做宾语。 决心学会想希望 determine / decided learn want expect / hope / wish 拒绝设法愿假装 refuse manage care pretend 主动答应选计划 offer promise choose plan 同意请求帮一帮 agree ask beg help 还有 一些词如： afford happen strive wait threaten 考点二 与现在分词的区别 doing 经常性的习惯，名词性 To do sth 一次性行为 ，动作性 | |
定语 | 1， 与被修饰词构成主谓关系，动宾关系或者是内容。 2， 经常未发生 3， 被修饰的词被序数词，形容词最高级修饰。往往用动词不定式修饰。 4， 被修饰的词是抽象名词时，往往用动词不定式修饰。 例句：I have a lot of work to do. I have many friends to help me His dream to go to BeiJing Film Academy has come true. | |
状语 | 目的状语 | |
结果状语 1， too +形容词或副词 to do…太...而不能 He is too busy to go home 2， adj / adv enough to do sth He is old enough to look after himself. 3， only to …表示意外结果，only doing 表示自然结果。 He carried a big stone only to drop it on his own foot. The man died, only leaving lots of debts to his wife and children. | ||
原因状语 往往有表示情感的形容词做表语。 The professor was very surprised to see us. I'm glad to meet you. I'm sorry to hear the news. | ||
补语 | 有宾补和主补 want ask tell get warn expect allow invite ...等词后面均可以接 Sb to do sth. 但是有下面几个词后面的动词不定式需要省略to 但是在变为被动语态时要补充 to feel listen to hear let make have see watch look at notice observe ...+ sb do sth 表示感到 / 听到 / 让 / 看到某人做了某事 feel listen to hear have see watch look at notice observe ...+ sb doing sth 表示感到 / 听到 / 让 / 看到某人正在做某事 The teacher made me clean the classroom as a punishment. I was made to clean the classroom as a punishment. 其实上述词变为被动语态时就成了主语补足语。 to do / to be done sb be said/ believed / supposed / thought / reported / ... to be doing / to be being done to have done / to have been done | |
表语 | 动词不定式做表语时，主语往往是抽象名词。 My dream is to be a good teacher. The way I think of to reduse overuse of water in students' bathroom is to fix a time machine | |
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