2020年高考语法考点讲解与真题分析
18 非谓语动词(一)
非谓语动词是高考考查的最重要的内容之一。非谓语动词内容繁多,形式多样,很多学生深感头疼。其实,同学们只要从非谓语动词的作用与形式两个方面入手,非谓语动词的所有问题便可迎刃而解。
1. 非谓语动词的作用:非谓语动词可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。
作用 非谓语 | 主语 | 宾语 | 表语 | 定语 | 状语 | 补语 |
不定式 | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ |
动名词 | √ | √ | √ | √ | ||
分词 | √ | √ | √ | √ | ||
2. 非谓语动词的形式
形式 | 用法 |
否定式 | 在其前面加not等否定词 |
一般式 | 非谓语动词的动作与句子谓语动词的动作同时发生,或发生在其后 |
完成式 | 非谓语动词的动作发生在句子谓语动词的动作之前 |
主动式 | 非谓语动词的逻辑主语是非谓语动词动作的发出者 |
被动式 | 非谓语动词的逻辑主语是非谓语动词动作的承受者 |
考点一 非谓语动词作主语
1. 不定式和动名词作主语
不定式和动名词都能作主语,动名词作主语表示比较抽象的、一般的动作;不定式则多表示更具体的某一次的动作,尤其是将来的动作。
1. _________ to think critically is an important skill today's children will need for the future. (2019天津)
A. Learn B. Learned C. Learning D. Having learned
【答案】C
【解析】这里是作主语,用动名词;表示一般动作,用一般式。
2. _________ along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience. (2018北京)
A. Travel B. Traveling C. Having traveled D. Traveled
【答案】B
【解析】这里是作主语,用动名词;表示一般动作,用一般式。
3.______ a new house is impossible for the young couple because they haven't saved enough money.(2016江苏)
A.Buy B.Buying C.Bought D.Having bought
【答案】B
【解析】这里是作主语,用动名词;表示一般动作,用一般式。
4. ______ the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make. (2015安徽)
A. Ignore B. Ignoring C. Ignored D. Having ignored
【答案】B
【解析】这里是作主语,用动名词;表示一般动作,用一般式。
5. ________ how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure. (2013浙江)
A Hearing B Hear C Having heard D To be hearing
【答案】A
【解析】这里是动名词作主语。
6. ________ basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies. (2013福建)
A. Known B. Having known C. Knowing D. Being known
【答案】C
【解析】这里是动名词短语作主语。
7. He told us whether __________ a picnic was still under discussion. (2012四川)
A. to have B. having C. have D. had
【答案】A
【解析】这里是“疑问词(whether) + 不定式”在宾语从句中作主语。
2. it作形式主语
不定式作主语时,由于结构的需要,常用it作形式主语,而将不定式后置;动名词在个别结构中作主语时也可后置,主要有It’s no use/good/need doing sth.等。
1. No matter how bright a talker you are, there are times when it’s better ______ silent. (2012浙江)
A. remain B. be remaining C. having remained D. to remain
【答案】D
【解析】不定式作主语后置,it是形式主语。
2. It’s no use ______ without taking action. (2011上海)
A. complain B. complaining C. being complained D. to be complained
【答案】B
【解析】it’s no use后接动名词;complain是不及物动词,故用主动式。
3. The doctor thought ______ would be good for you to have a holiday. (2010 全国)
A. this B. that C. one D. it
【答案】D
【解析】thought后是一个宾语从句,从句的真正主语是不定式的复合结构for you to have holiday,故用it作形式主语。
考点二 非谓语动词作宾语
不定式和动名词都能作宾语。要牢记哪些动词只能跟不定式作宾语,哪些动词只能跟不定式作宾语,哪些动词既可以跟不定式,又可以跟动名词作宾语,但意思完全不同。
1. 不定式作宾语。
以下动词只能接不定式作宾语:afford, agree, aim, appear, apply, arrange, beg, claim, decide, demand, desire, determine, expect, fail, happen, hope, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, seem, remain, strive, tend, threaten, undertake, volunteer, want, wish等;动词decide, discover, discuss, explain, know, learn, show, tell, think, understand, wonder等常跟“疑问词 + 不定式”作宾语。
1. I can’t stand ____ with Jane in the same office. She just refuses ____ talking while she works. (2006北京)
A.working; stopping B.to work; stopping
C.working; to stop D.to work; to stop
【答案】C
【解析】stand后只能接动名词作宾语;refuse后只能接不定式作宾语。故选C。
2. 动名词作动词和介词的宾语
以下动词只能接动名词作宾语:admit, advise, allow, appreciate, consider, delay, enjoy, escape, finish, forbid, imagine, keep, mind, miss, permit, practice, risk, stand, suggest, understand等。
1. The film star wears glasses. Therefore he can go shopping without ______. (2014北京)
A. recognizing B. being recognized C. having recognized D. having been recognized
【答案】B
【解析】介词wihtout后接动名词作宾语,逻辑主语与recognize之间是被动关系,故用动名词的不定式。
2. Young people may risk ________ deaf if they are exposed to very loud music every.
A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone
【答案】C
【解析】risk后接动名词作宾语,表示一般情况,故用一般式。
3. One learns a knowledge by making mistakes and ______ them. (2012北京)
A. corrects B. correct C. to correct D. correcting
【答案】D
【解析】and连接两个并列的动名词作介词by的宾语。
4. Bill suggested __________ a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation. (2010上海)
A. having held B. to hold C. holding D. hold
【答案】C
【解析】suggest后只能接动名词作宾语;动名词动作发生在句子谓语动词动作之后,用一
般式。
5. I hear they’ve promoted Tom, but he didn’t mention __________ when we talked on the phone. (2010react to后面加什么江西)
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