2013年考研外语阅读理解第一篇全文翻译
注释：本文为书评，即对于某本畅销书的内容的评价，书评是考研外语中常见的一类文章，几乎每年都有，不过指望能得出什么固定模式是不可能的，因为你无法预测到底哪本书或者哪类书能上榜，更无法断定写这个评论的会是谁。该书为伊丽莎白席琳所著《时尚》，批评美国人（其实不光是美国，稍微有点钱的都这个德行）疯狂购买时尚服装，全然不管这些衣服到底能穿几次，更遑论环保和可持续发展。说实话，翻译本文时，我总想起一句很经典的话，女人总是对着装满衣服的柜子抱怨没衣服穿。
  In the 2006film version of The Devil Wears Prada, Miranda Priestly, played by MerylStreep, scold her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her. Priestly explains howthe deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to departmentstores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.
  This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of date or at odds with feverish world described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Cline’s three-year indictment of “fast fashion”. In the last decades or so, advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara, H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends morequickly and anticipate demand more precisely. Quckier turnrounds mean lesswasted inventory, more frequent releases, and more profit. Those labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see
clothes as disposal——meant to last only a wash or two,although they don’t advertisethat——and to renewtheir wardrobe every few weeks. By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheapprices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking all industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.react to后面加什么
装变成了商标的附属品，换言之，顶多洗两次就扔，无论时装厂商怎么
  The victims of this revolution, of course, are not limited to designers. For H&M tooffer a $ 5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2300-plus stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage, overseas labor, order in volumes that strain naturalresources, and use massive amount of harmful chemicals.
过程中会产生大量有害化学物质，频繁更新还会造成自然资源的浪费。  “Overdressed is the fashion world’s answer to consumer activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan’s The Omnivore’s Dilemma. Mass-produced clothing,like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable, and wasteful,”Cline argues, Americans, shefinds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year——about 64 items per person ——and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste.
Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introducedher ideal, a Brooklyn woman named SKB, who, since 2008 has make all of her ownclothes——and beautifully. But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; her example, can’t be knocked off.
  Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on laborand the environment——including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection Line——Cline believes lasting-change canonly be effected by the customer. She exhibits the idealism common to manyadvocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. Vanity is a constant;people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can’t afford to it.
2013年考研外语阅读理解第二篇全文翻译
注释：任何软件开发商都在明里暗里收集客户的信息，最简单也是最为人所知的大概就是系统升级，这些都在后台而且大部分都在未知的情况下进行。通过这些信息采集，比如你经常上网浏览哪些网站，哪些点击率比较多，可以更快捷地了解客户的口味从而做出针对性服务。我在北京百度公司总部就见过这种，电子屏幕上实时更新着现在最高频的搜索词是哪个。虽然未必是恶意的，但在极端重视保护个人隐私的美国，这些事实上侵犯了个人隐私权。2010年起，美国政府要求所有网络公司注意这种信息采集，微软公司率先响应，其实这么做更多是个姿态，因为很难说到底网络流量中哪些算是个人隐私。但这样做却符合了大众的心理，不能不说，微软独霸天下确有其过人之处。
  An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted-the trouble is,no one knows which half . In the internet age, at least in theory ,this fraction can be much reduced . By watching
what people search for, click on andsay online, companies can aim “behavioural” ads at those most likely to buy.
有句老话，广告开销中一半是多余的。问题在于，你不知道哪些可以算到这一半里。不过，在理论上讲，互联网时代不至于到这个程度。因为只要统计一下大众搜索的热词，在线点击率的高低就很容易了解人们的口味。
  In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine-grained information: Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads? Or should they have explicit permission?
近来，这种拉网式的信息统计开始受到质疑（fine-grained，纹理细密的），公众乐意被跟踪统计吗？这种数据采集又获得了谁的授权？
In December 2010 America's Federal Trade Cornmission (FTC) proposed adding a "do not track "(DNT) option to internet browsers ,so that users could tell adwertisers that they did not wantto be followed .Microsoft's Internet Explorer and Apple's Safari both offer DNT;Google's Chrome is due to do so this year. In February the FTC and Digltal Adwertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the industry would get cracking on responging to DNT requests.
2010年12月，美国联邦贸易委员会（如无法正确翻译该词汇，可以直接写出简写FTC）建议互联网浏览器开发商在浏览器中加入“拒绝采集（DNT）”功能，点击它就可以发出后台信息，表明该用户不希望被采集。微软和苹果公司均已在其各自的勘探者和狩猎者浏览器中增加该功能（此处注意，通常的口语习惯直接称IE和Safari，但在正式的翻译中，必须译成各自的汉语词汇，这个地方一直存在争议，本文遵循主流译法，但我倾向于不必译出），谷歌公司表示会在今年在其铬浏览器中加入该功能。（2011年，
补句，其实这个地方可以出题，让你猜是哪年）2月，FTC与数据广告联盟（此处当为版之误，adwertising错了一个字母）达成协议，允许各公司自行决定如何发送DNT请求（在DNT 问题上，美国各大公司的态度不一致，较为激进的微软公司设定浏览器为自动拒绝，除非用户主动同意，谷歌公司则认为应该由用户自行决定，所以说，业内cracking，分裂）。
  On May 31st Microsoft Set off the row: It said that Internet Explorer 10,the version due toappear windows 8, would have DNT as a default.

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