M3U2 Natural disasters I ●阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The wildfires in Australia became considerably worse in January, 2020. The disaster faced by __36__ country is far from over. Many of the fires __37__(send) smoke high into the atmosphere and some smoke turned into pyrocumulonimbus clouds. The clouds can help a fire draw in more air and shift surface winds, __38__(result) in fire tornadoes(龙卷风). Fires have destroyed habitats for animals that __39__(find) only in Australia, including koalas and rare birds. It will take time to fully know how much harm the fires have done __40__ wildlife. The wildfires are expected __41__(continue) burning for months as Australia entered its dry season. This past year, 2019, is the hottest and driest year on record. Fires happen __42__(regular) during the Australian dry season. However, climate and natural changes are making the situation __43__(bad). At least 12 million acres have been burned so far in Victoria and New South Wales alone. Smoke from the fires has made __44__ to South America. There is so much smoke that it may stay in the air for months, __45__ could have a small effect on the planet’s climate. 【答案】36. the 37. sent 38. resulting 39. are found 40. to 41. to continue 42. regularly 43. worse 44. it 45. which ●语言知识初探 I. 根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词 1．injure vt.（尤指在事故中）伤害，使受伤→injury n. [C,U] 伤害，损害→injured adj. 受伤的，受损害的 2．reaction n. [C, U] 反应，回应→react vi. 回应，（对……）做出反应 3．confirm vt. 证实，证明，确认；使确信→confirmation n. [U, C] 证实；确认书，证明书 4．occur vi. 发生，出现；（想法、主意在某人脑海中）突然出现→occurrence n. 发生，出现；发生的事，事件 5．approach vt. & vi.（在距离或时间上）靠近，接近；vt. 处理，解决→approaching adj. 即将到来的 6．relief n. 轻松，宽慰；减轻，消除→relieve vt. 减轻，缓和；解除（职务）→relieved adj. 感到欣慰的 7．inform vt. 通知，使知晓→informed adj. 了解情况的；见多识广的 II. 根据提示补全下列短语 押头韵（Alliteration）： efficient and effective adj. 高效且有效的 black and blue adj. 遍体鳞伤的 first and foremost adv. 首先 hearth and home n. 温暖舒适的家庭生活 押尾韵（Rhyme）: bustle and hustle n. 繁忙 1. crash into ... 冲上，撞上…… 2. roll call 点名 3. safe and sound 安然无恙的 4. at large 总共；在逃 5. in an orderly line 有序地排成一排 6. earthquake safety procedures 地震安全演练 7. be a signal of ... 是……的信号 8. keep one’s head 保持冷静 9. to one’s great relief 令某人大为欣慰的是 10. be cleared of ... 清除…… 11. in the face of ... 面对…… ●重点知识点解析 hit vt. & vi. 打击，侵袭；对……产生不良影响，损害 (教材P16) We cannot prevent natural disasters, but is there anything we can do when they hit? 我们不能阻止自然灾害的发生，但是当它们袭来时，我们可以做什么呢？ 如：Rural areas have been worst hit by the strike. 这次罢工对农村地区的打击最沉重。 The area was hit by the floods. 这一地区遭到洪水袭击。 n. The airline industry took a hit last year. 去年航空业受到了沉重打击。 【归纳拓展】hit其他用法： n．受欢迎的人（或事物），风行一时的流行歌曲（或唱片）；（在计算机或互联网上搜索的）查询结果 如：The film was a massive hit at the boxoffice. 这部电影极为卖座。 The car proved an instant hit in China. 这种轿车在中国迅速走红。 They played a lot of old hits from the 80s and 90s. 他们演奏了许多80年代和90年代流行的老歌。 The band has hit (it) big很成功 in the US. 乐队在美国一炮打响。 Do you know the word kiasu? If not, then be kiasu and google it. You’ll get more than a million hits. vt.（用手或器具）击，打；碰撞，撞击（造成损伤）；使突然想起 如：She hit him on the head with her umbrella. 她用伞敲他的头。 The bus hit the bridge. 公交车撞到了桥上。 It hit me that I had a choice. 我突然意识到我有选择的余地。 →vt. 使突然想起 常用结构 Sth. hit(s) sb./ It hit(s) sb. that ... 某人突然想起…… injure vt.（尤指在事故中）伤害，使受伤；损害，伤害（名誉、自尊等） (教材P16) Only 5 students suffered slight injuries, despite the current figures of 7 killed and over 200 injured in the disaster area at large整个，全部. 尽管目前灾区总体的伤亡情况是7人死亡，200多人受伤，但（在这所学校）只有5名学生受了轻伤。 如：Three people were killed and five injured in the crash.撞车事故中有三人死亡，五人受伤。 This could seriously injure/damage the company's reputation. 这会严重损害公司的声誉。 【归纳拓展】词性转换： （1）injury n. [C,U] 伤害，损害 如：There were no injuries (=no people injured) in the crash. 撞车事故中无人受伤。 （2）injured adj. 受伤的，受损害的 常见搭配 get injured/hurt 受伤 the injured 伤员（作主语时，谓语动词常用复数） 如：The injured in the earthquake were sent(send) to the nearest hospital yesterday. reaction n. [C, U] 反应，回应 (教材P16) Her students’ reaction was quick and correct--they moved under their desks, head first, and held on to the legs of the desks. 她的学生们反应迅速、正确——他们头朝里，爬到课桌下面，并紧紧抓住桌腿。 【用法详解】in reaction to sth. 对某事作出回应 reaction to sb./sth. 对……的反应 如：A spokesman said the changes were not in reaction to the company's recent losses. 一位发言人说，这些变动不是针对公司最近的损失而作出的反应。 What was his reaction to the news? 他对这消息有何反应？ 【归纳拓展】词性转换： react vi. 回应，（对……）做出反应；（对食物等）有不良反应，过敏；起化学反应 常见搭配 react to sth. (by doing sth.) （通过做……）对……作出反应 react against ... 反对……，反抗…… react with sth. 与……发生化学反应 如：Iron reacts with water and air to produce rust. 铁和水及空气发生反应产生铁锈。 People can react badly to certain food additives. 人们对某些食品添加剂会严重过敏。 in case 以防（发生某事）；如果，假使；以防万一 (教材P16) At the same time, Miss Brown quickly opened the classroom door, in case it became damaged during the shaking and could not open. 与此同时，布朗女士迅速打开教室的门，以防它在晃动中损坏而无法打开。 【用法详解】in case意为“以防（发生某事）；如果，假使；以防万一”，可引导从句，也可单独使用。常见用法如下： （1）用作连词，表示目的，意为“以防（发生某事）”； （2）用作连词，表示条件，意为“如果，假使”； （3）用作副词性短语，在句中作状语，可单独使用，意为“以防万一”。 如：I'll stay around in case you need me. 我就待在这儿，也许你用得着我。（表目的） In case you should need any help, here's my number. 万一你需要帮助的话，这是我的电话号码。（表条件） I have also taken out a life insurance policy on him just in case. 为防万一，我还给他买了一份人寿保险。 【归纳拓展】与case相关的其他短语： in case of ... 如果，假使（发生某事） in any case 无论如何，不管怎样 in that case 如果是那样的话 as is often the case 这是常有的事 in no case 决不（置于句首，句子用部分倒装）=in/under no circumstances，at no time，by no means，in no way，on no account，on no condition 如：There's no point complaining now--we're leaving tomorrow in any case=anyway. 现在抱怨毫无意义，不管怎样我们明天都要离开。 In case of fire, ring the alarm bell. 如遇火警，即按警铃。 Perhaps you've some doubts about the attack. In that case, it may interest you to know that Miss Woods witnessed it. 你也许对这起袭击还有些怀疑。那么如果我告诉你伍兹小亲眼目睹了这起事件，你可能会感兴趣。 【即时巩固】翻译句子 1. 为了防止有人跟踪我，我特地绕了弯路。 In case anyone was following me, I made an 2. 你决不能在图书馆大声喧哗。 In no case will you make any noise in the library. 3. 他又迟到了，他常常这样。 He was late for school, as is often the case. signal (-signal<l>ed-signal<l>ed) vi. & vt. 发信号，发暗号，示意；vt. 标志，表明，预示 n. [C] 信号，暗号；预示；信号灯 (教材P16) She signalled to her students to exit the classroom in an orderly line with their hands on their heads. 她示意学生们抱着头，排好队，有序离开教室。 【用法详解】signal (to) sb. to do sth. 示意某人做某事 如：He signalled to the waiter for the bill. 他示意服务员结账。 He signalled (to) us to join him. 他示意要我们去他那儿。 The scandal surely signals the end of his political career. 毫无疑问，这桩丑闻预示他的政治生涯就此结束。 a danger/warning/distress etc. signal 危险、警告、求救等信号 【即时巩固】翻译句子 An afternoon nap (午睡) is one of the joys of life, although too much napping could signal all is not well.（2021·徐州一模） 午后小憩可谓人生的一大乐趣，但瞌睡过多可能表明瞌睡者身体有恙。 confirm vt. 证实，证明，确认；使确信 (教材P16) After a roll call confirmed that all were safe and sound, they relaxed, laughing, crying and hugging each other. 点名确认所有人都安然无恙后，他们才放松下来，笑着，哭着，互相拥抱着。 【用法详解】It is/has been confirmed that ... 已证实…… confirm one’s belief/determination 坚定某人的信念/决心 confirm sb. in sth. 使某人确信某事 如：It has been confirmed that the meeting will take place next week. 已经确定会议将于下个星期召开。 His guilty expression confirmed my suspicions. 他内疚的表情证实了我的猜疑。 Then one day his worst fears were confirmed. 后来有一天，他最担心的事终于发生了。 It has confirmed me in my decision not to give up my studies. 这使我更加坚定了不要放弃学习的决心。 【归纳拓展】词性转换： confirmation n. [U, C] 证实；确认书，证明书 【即时巩固】翻译句子和单句语法填空 1. 当被问及时，她确定未经允许学生不应该接近湖边。（approach） When asked, she confirmed that students shouldn’t approach the lake without permission. 2. His words confirmed me in my belief that our cause was valuable. occur vi. [无被动或进行时] 发生，出现；（想法、主意在某人脑海中）突然出现 approach vt. & vi.（在距离或时间上）靠近，接近；vt. 处理，解决 n. 方式，方法；道路 (教材P17) It immediately occurred to her that these were signs of an approaching tsunami. 她立刻意识到这是海啸来临的征兆。 【用法详解】(1) occur (-occurred-occurred-occurring) 的用法： sth. occurs to sb. （主意或想法等）浮现于某人脑海中 It occurs/occurred to sb. that ... 某人想到……it做形式主语，真正的主语为that引导的从句，且that不能省略 如：Something unexpected occurred/happened. 发生了一件出乎意料的事。 Sugar occurs naturally in fruit. 水果天然含糖分。（-exist in 存在于，含有） The idea occurred to him in a dream. 这个主意是他在梦中想到的。 It occurred to me that I could have the book sent to me. 我想到可以让人把书寄给我。 易混辨析 occurvi., happenvi., break outvi., take placevi. (1)occur与happen均为不及物动词，意思相近，表示“碰巧；（偶然地）发生”，常含有偶然或突发的意味；occur还可表示“（想法、主意在某人脑海中）突然出现”。二者都没有被动形式，但happen可用于进行时。 (2)break out为不及物动词短语，多指战争、火灾、疾病或疫情等“突然爆发”。 (3)take place为不及物动词短语，意为“发生，举行”，多指某事或某活动按计划发生或举行，没有“偶然”的意味。 词性转换 occurrence n. 发生，出现；发生的事，事件 【用法详解】(2) approach vt. & vi.（在距离或时间上）靠近，接近；vt. 处理，解决 n. 方式，方法；道路 常见搭配 an approach to ... 解决某问题的方法；通往某地点的路径 如：As we approached the largest rapid急流 on the river I could feel my heart beating fast. 走近，靠近 I approached to greet him. 我走上前去，和他打招呼。 The author thinks society should approach cloning with caution. 处理（-deal with, handle） They took a more reasonable approach, conveying to their children how success at school could improve their lives. 他们采取了一个更合理的方法——向他们的孩子传达在学校的成功能提高他们的生活质量。 词性转换 approaching adj. 即将到来的（-coming） 【即时巩固】单句语法填空 1. A good idea occurs to me. 2. Absorbing himself in painting, John didn’t notice evening approaching(approach). 3. All the approaches to the palace were guarded by troops. 通往宫殿的所有道路都有军队守卫。 relief n. 轻松，宽慰；（焦虑、痛苦等的）减轻，消除 (教材P17) To her great relief, the officer immediately realized the coming danger. 令她极为欣慰的是，这名官员立即意识到了即将到来的危险。 【用法详解】in/with relief 欣慰地，放心地 to one’s (great) relief 令某人（深感）欣慰的是 It is a relief to do sth. 做某事时间让人欣慰/轻松的事。 relief from/of ... ……的减轻/消除 如：a sense of relief 解脱感 We all breathed a sigh of relief when he left. 他走了以后，我们大家都如释重负地松了口气。 She sighed with relief. 她松了口气。 This brought considerable relief from the pain. 这相当大地缓解了疼痛。 【归纳拓展】词性转换： （1）relieve vt. 减轻，缓和；解除（职务） 常见搭配 relieve one’s pain/pressure 减轻、缓和某人的痛苦/压力 relieve sb. of sth. 减轻某人的负担；解除某人的职务 如：The new secretary will relieve us of some of the paperwork. 新来的秘书会减轻我们文案工作的一些负担。 General Beale was relieved of his command. 比尔将军被解除了指挥权。 （2）relieved adj. 感到欣慰的 【即时巩固】单句语法填空 1. Much to my relief the car was not damaged. 2. The officer involved was relieved(relieve) of his duties because he had violated strict guidelines. inform vt. 通知；了解，熟悉 (教材P17) Remember to inform yourself of what is going on. 记得要让自己对正在发生的事了然于心。 【用法详解】inform sb. of/about sth. 通知某人某事 inform sb. that/wh-从句 通知某人…… inform oneself of/about sth. 使某人了解/熟悉某事 如： Please inform us of any changes of address. 地址若有变动请随时通知我们。 I have been reliably informed that the couple will marry next year. 我得到可靠消息说他们俩明年结婚。 【归纳拓展】词性转换： （1）informed adj. 了解情况的；见多识广的 常见搭配 keep sb. informed of ... 使某人了解某事 如：an informed choice/decision/guess/opinion 有依据的选择/决定/猜测/看法 Keep me informed of any developments. 随时通知我进展情况。 （2）information un. 信息，消息；情报 【即时巩固】单句语法填空 1. He was informed(inform) that his application was rejected. 2. We need time to inform ourselves thoroughly of the problem. 3. They often get some information(inform) from the Internet. 1. (教材P16) The moment the shaking stopped, Miss Brown sensed it was the best time for the class to make their escape. 地震停止的瞬间，布朗女士意识到这是他们逃出教室的好机会。 【句式剖析】本句为主从复合句，逗号前为the moment引导的时间状语，逗号后为主句。 【考点提炼】the moment/minute/second/instant +从句 名词短语the moment/minute/second/instant可用作连词，引导时间状语从句，相当于as soon as，意为“一……就……”。如： I recognized him the instant I saw him. 我一眼就认出他来。 【归纳拓展】表示“一……就……”的其他表达： 注意 no sooner ... than ...与hardly/scarcely/barely ... when ...结构中的时态搭配，主句谓语动词使用过去完成时，而than与when引导的从句要用一般过去时。此外，若把no sooner或hardly/scarcely/barely置于句首，主句要使用部分倒装语序。如： I had hardly got home when it began to rain. →Hardly had I got home when it began to rain. 【即时巩固】单句语法填空 1. We had hardly sat down to supper when the phone rang. 2. Hardly had she spoken than she regretted(regret) it bitterly. 3. I remembered her name immediately(immediate) she'd gone. √小试身手-完成句子 1. 尽管她没有示意，我还是确信她看见了我。（though; give no sign） Though she gave no sign, I was sure she had seen me. 2. 希望他一到我就见到他。 I want to see him the moment he arrives. 3. 多带几件衣服，以备身上弄湿了好穿。 Take some spare clothes in case you get wet/soaked. Ⅰ. 单句语法填空 1．A spokesman said the changes were not in reaction to the company's recent losses. 2．A girl was killed yesterday in a crash involving a stolen car. 3．It didn't occur to her to ask for help. 4．She glanced over at James for confirmation(confirm). 5．You'll be relieved(relief) to know your jobs are safe. 6．At an agreed signal(信号) they left the room. 7．He warned us of pickpockets. 8．My progress in reading raised my curiosity(curious), and wanted to know everything. 9．Hearing the shocking(shock) news, everyone present was thrown into a panic. II. 用方框内所给短语的适当形式完成下列句子 break out at large hold on to保住，守住（有利因素）；（过长时间地）保存，保留；坚持（信念） in case the moment be cleared of 1．Systems must also be cleared of redundant data. 2．He remains at large despite the high price put on his head by the authorities. 3．The moment I get the money I'll send the ticket. 4．Bring a map in case you get lost. 5．Jane is determined to hold on to her fortune. 6．Her friends came to help her when the war broke out. III. 完形填空 Years ago, I flew 3,000 miles across the country to take a new job at a non-profit organization. This was a very promising job, or so I thought. Before the 36 , the founder(创办者) of the organization 37 to eventually promote(升职) me to a senior leadership role, but in the end I was deeply 38 . They hired someone else to fill that 39 three months after I took the new job. This 40 promise left me hurt, angry and confused by the 41 I had made. How could this happen to me? The promise of being on the senior leadership team was the main 42 behind my decision to 43 the job offer. As a result, I moved my family across the country and couldn’t 44 move back. This was a difficult time for me. While my head sought(寻求) answers and my heart 45 emotions, my wife, Elba, gave me the best 46 . She said, “Stay focused; stay faithful.” This 47 keeping my attention on the job at hand and staying faithful to the task. It wasn’t easy, but these words 48 my attitude and actions during that time and toward every challenge I have faced since. I stayed 49 and faithful until a wonderful opportunity opened at another organization. When we face an unexpected 50 at work, it can seem much easier to slack off (懈怠), get angry, blame others or do foolish things, but these 51 can be costly and self-destructive(自毁的). 52 bad with bad doesn’t add up to good. Good can come from bad through our 53 . Spiritual and personal 54 can be drawn from hardship(艰难). The lessons I gained during that time have helped me 55 life’s ups and downs.
【答案】36-55 DACBA DBDAD BCADB ACDBB IV. 七选五阅读 This Way to Dreamland Daydreaming means people think about something pleasant, especially when this makes them forget what they should be doing. Daydreamers have a bad reputation for being unaware of what’s happening around them. They can seem forgetful and clumsy. __1__They annoy us because they seem to be ignoring us and missing the important things. But daydreamers are also responsible for some of the greatest ideas and achievements in human history. __2__ Can you imagine what kind of world we would have without such ideas and inventions? So how can you come up with brilliant daydreams and avoid falling over tree roots or otherwise looking like a fool? First, understand that some opportunities(机会) for daydreaming are better than others. Feeling safe and relaxed will help you to slip into daydreams. __3__ And if you want to improve your chances of having a creative idea while you’re daydreaming, try to do it while you are involved in another task—preferably something simple, like taking a shower or walking, or even making meaningless drawings. It’s also important to know how to avoid daydreams for those times when you really need to concentrate. “Mindfulness”, being focused, is a tool that some people use to avoid falling asleep. __4__ Finally, you never know what wonderful idea might strike while your mind has moved slowly away. __5 Always remember that your best ideas might come when your head is actually in the clouds. A. Having interesting things to think about also helps. B. They stare off into space and wander by themselves. C. Without wandering minds, we wouldn’t have relatively, Coke or Post-it notes. D. At one time, daydreaming was thought to be a cause of some mental illnesses. E. It involves slow, steady breathing for self-control that helps people stay calm and attentive. F. Daydreams are often very simple and direct, quite unlike sleep dreams, which may be hard to understand. G. Therefore, it’s a good idea to keep a notebook or voice recorder nearby when you’re in the daydream zone. 【答案】BCEAG V. 短文填空 People with high selfconfidence 1.____________(natural) have optimistic and joyful emotions as well as the knowledge that they can change their emotions from negative to positive. Emotions 2.____________(be) a normal part of life. They indicate how you feel about a situation and any needed action. When you have high selfrespect and selfconfidence, you feel good 3.____________ life. You feel secure and have an open heart and a calm mind. The 4.____________(high) your level of emotional health is, the more selfworth you will have. Even when things go wrong, you’re composed and ready 5.____________(deal) with the situation in a constructive way. Even when you focus on 6.____________(carry) a positive attitude at all times, we all know that life can be full of annoyances—your dog 7.____________(run) away, someone sideswipes your car, your plane is late, you have to work overtime to get a project done. All of these can cause a bad mood and throw your emotions into a downward spiral. Having emotional health isn’t difficult, but 8.____________ does take focus and concentration. Be aware of 9.____________ your feeling is and direct your emotions into something more optimistic. Your selfconfidence will 10.____________(strength) at the same time. 【答案】1．naturally 2．are 3．about 4．higher 5．to deal 6．carrying 7．runs 8．it 9．what 10．strengthen 单元单词默写
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