高中英语必修二unit5课文及翻译
Unit5.FIRST AID
It’s a great honour to save a life. — Leigh Bardugo.
救人一命，善莫大焉。
Reading and Thinking
FIRST AID FOR BURNS
The skin is an essential part of your body and is its largest organ. Your skin acts as a barrier against disease, toxins, and the sun's rays It also helps control your body temperature, prevents your body from losing too much water, warns you when things are too hot or cold, and gives you your sense of touch. As you can imagine, getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries. The first and most important step in the treatment of burns is giving first aid
皮肤是人体必不可少的一部分，也是人体最大的器官。皮肤是一道屏障，能阻挡疾病、毒素和
太阳光线的侵入。皮肤还有助于控制体温，防止身体流失过多的水分，在外物过热或过冷时发出警告，并使你拥有触觉。可想而知，烧伤会造成严重后果。在处理烧伤时，第一步也是最重要的一步就是采取急救措施。
CAUSES OF BURNS烧伤的原因
You can get burnt by a variety of things: hot liquids, steam, fire, radiation, the sun, electricity, acids, or other chemicals.
很多东西都会造成烧伤:灼热的液体、蒸汽、明火、辐射、太阳光、电流、酸性物质或其他化学品。
TYPES OF BURNS烧伤的种类
Burns are divided into three types, depending on the depth of skin damage
根据皮肤损伤的深度，烧伤分为三类。
First-degree burns： These affect only the top few millimetres of the skin. These burns a
re not serious. Examples include mild sunburn and burns caused by other minor household incidents.
一度烧伤:仅伤及最上层几毫米的皮肤。此类烧伤并不严重，如轻度的晒伤和其他轻微家庭事故造成的烧伤。
Second-degree burns：These go below the top layer of the skin. They are serious and take a few weeks to get better. Examples include burns caused by hot liquids.
二度烧伤:伤及最上层皮肤以下的部位。此类烧伤较为严重，需要数周时间才能康复，如灼热的液体造成的烧伤
Third-degree burns：These affect every layer of the skin, and sometimes the tissue under it. Examples include burns caused by electric shocks, burning clothes, or petrol fires. These burns cause very severe internal injuries and the victimreacttomotion翻译 must go to the hospital at once.
三度烧伤:伤及每一层皮肤，有时甚至伤及皮下组织，如因电击灼伤、衣服着火造成的烧伤，或汽油起火造成的烧伤。此类烧伤会引起非常严重的内部损伤，伤者必须立即送往医院。
CHARACTERISTICS OF BURNS烧伤的特点
First-degree burns
dry, red, and mildly swollen
mildly painful
turn white when pressed
Second-degree burns
red and swollen, blisters: watery surface
extremely painful
Third-degree burns
black and white
swollen, the tissue underneath can often be seen
little or no pain if nerves are damaged: maybe painful around the edges of the burn
一度烧伤
干燥、发红、微肿
微痛
受压时变白
二度烧伤
发红、肿胀;起水疱;表层渗液
极度疼痛
三度烧伤
皮肤发黑或变白
肿胀;通常可见皮下组织
如神经受损，则微痛或无痛感;创面边缘或有痛感
FIRST-AID TREATMENT急救处理
1 Place burns under cool running water, especially within the first ten minutes, The cool water stops the burning process and reduces the pain and swelling.
1.将烧伤部位放在流动的冷水下冲洗，尤其在前十分钟。冷水冲洗可阻止烧伤进程，缓解疼痛和肿胀
2 Dry the burnt area gently with a clean cloth.
2.用干净的布轻轻吸干烧伤部位的水分。
3 Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary, unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin.
3.如有必要，用剪刀剪掉烧伤部位的衣服，除非衣服与被烧伤的皮肤粘连在一起。
4 Cover the burnt area with a loose clean cloth. Applying oil to the injured areas is a bad idea, as it will keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection.
4.用干净透气的布盖住烧伤部位。在受伤处涂抹油膏不可取，因为这会阻碍伤口散热，而且可能引发感染。
5 If burns are on the face, make sure the victim can still breathe.
5.如果烧伤部位在脸上，应确保伤者仍可呼吸。
6 If the victim is suffering from second or third-degree burns, there is an urgent need to take him/her to the hospital at once.
6.如果伤者是二度或三度烧伤，必须立刻送往医院。
Using Language
Chen Wei, a high school student in Beijing, had his dinner interrupted when he heard someone screaming from another table. A fellow diner at the restaurant, Zhang Tao, was
choking on some steak. He was now holding his throat with his face turning red, while his desperate friends were slapping him on the back.
北京高中生陈伟在吃晚餐，这时另一桌突然传来客人的尖叫声。原来餐馆里一个叫张涛的人被牛排噎住了。只见他按着喉咙，满脸通红，他的几个朋友正拼命拍打他的背部。
Chen wasted no time. He got up and ran to Zhang's table at once. With the help of Zhang's friends, he was able to help Zhang to his feet. Then, standing behind Zhang, Chen did the Heimlich manoeuvre. The food was instantly forced out, and Zhang began to breathe again. Ten minutes later, an ambulance arrived. The doctors checked Zhang and made sure that he was fine. They suggested he eat more slowly and take smaller bites before they left.
陈伟毫不迟疑。他立刻起身，跑到张涛桌前。在张涛朋友们的帮助下，陈伟扶着他站了起来。接着，陈伟站在张涛的背后，实施海姆立克急救法。食物瞬间被排出，张涛又能开始呼吸了。十分钟后，救护车赶到。医生们为张涛做了检査，确保他没有大碍。离开前，医生建议他吃饭要细嚼慢咽，小口进食。
Choking victims usually have only about four minutes before they collapse and sometimes die, leaving no time for an ambulance to arrive. To solve this problem, in 1974, an American doctor, Henry Heimlich, created the Heimlich manoeuvre, saving thousands of lives around the world. Doing the Heimlich manoeuvre is quick practical, and easy. It is so easy, in fact, that almost anyone can learn how.

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