选择性必修四Unit 2 Understanding each other
一、重点单词与短语：
1. react vi.（对……）作出反应；有不良反应，过敏；起化学反应
①react to 对……作出反应/过敏
②react with 与……起化学反应
③react against 反对，反抗
④react on 对……有影响
▲reaction n.回应，反应；生理反应，副作用(to)
▲reactive adj.反应的，有反应的，回应的；能起化学反应的
典题赏析：
1) Local residents have reacted angrily ___________ the news. 当地居民对这一消息表示愤怒。
2) Iron reacts ____________ water and air to produce rust. 铁和水及空气起化学反应而生锈。
3) He reacts strongly ____________ his father. 他强烈反对他的父亲。
4) The rise in oil costs reacted ___________ the price of food. 油费的上涨影响了食物的价格。
5) What is their __________________ the report? 他们对这份报道反应如何？
2. mail n.；邮政，邮递系统(the~)；邮件，邮包，信件；邮报[u]
vt.邮寄；用传送，发电邮给
①by mail 邮寄；通过邮递；通过写信
②in the mail 在邮件中；在邮寄途中
③mail sth. to sb. 把某物邮寄给某人
▲mailbox n.信箱；邮箱，邮筒；[c]
▲mailbag n.邮袋[c]
▲mailman n.邮递员[c]
典题赏析：
1) Did you send it ____________________? 你是通过邮递把它寄走的吗？
2) Is there anything interesting _______________________? 邮件中有什么有趣的东西吗？
3) I will _______________ this letter _________________ you tomorrow.
我明天把这封信寄给你。
3. competent adj.足以胜任的，有能力的，称职的；合格的，不错的；
有决定权的，有法定权力的
①be competent for/in 胜任……
②be competent to do sth. 有能力干某事；有权干某事
▲competently adv. 胜任地；适合地
▲competence n.能力，胜任[c/u]；权限，管辖权[u]；技能，本领[c]
典题赏析：
1) Tom is very competent ______________ his work.
2) Make sure the firm _____________________________ carry out the work.
要确保这家公司有能力完成这项工作。
3) This court ______________________________ hear your case.
这个法庭无权审理你的案子。
4. obtain vt.（尤指经努力）获得，赢得
①obtain advice/information/permission 得到忠告/信息/许可
▲obtainable adj.可获得的，可得到的
典题赏析：
1) You can _________________________ through practice. 你可以从实践经验中获得知识。
2) Full details are ____________________ (obtain) from any post office.
5. suit vt.对（某人）方便，满足（某人）需要，合（某人）心意；
相配，合身；适合，适宜，有利于
n.套装，西装，西服[c]
①suit…to… 使……适合……
②suit oneself 随自己的意愿做事；（表示听凭对方的意愿）自便，随便
③suit sb. fine 很合某人的意，对某人很合适
④suit one’s book 对某人方便/有用
⑤It suits sb. to do sth. 干某事适合某人
⑥a suit of 一套
⑦follow suit 跟着做，照着做，仿效
▲suited adj.合适的，适当的，适宜的；般配的(反：unsuited)
⑧be suited to/for sth. 合适/适宜……
⑨be suited to do sth. 适合干某事
▲suitable adj.合适的，适合的(反：unsuitable)
⑩be suitable for 适合……
⑪be suitable to do sth. 适合干某事
辨析：fit，suit与match的区别
1) fit 多指大小、尺寸、形状合适，通常意为“合身，适合”。
The new coat fits me well. 那件新外套很适合我。
2) suit 多指衣服、鞋子等的颜、款式、花样适合；还可指事物合乎需要、口味、性格、条件、地位等。
Does the time suit you? 那个时间适合你吗？
No dish suits all tastes. 众口难调。
3) match 多指大小、调、形状、性质等多方面的搭配。
Your suit doesn’t match your tie. 你的西服与你的领带不搭配。
典题赏析：
1) A good teacher ______________ his lessons _____________ the age of his pupils.
一个好教师能够使他的课堂适应学生的年龄
2) His new job ____________ well ____________ his abilities. 他的新工作跟他的能力很相配。
3) —How about eight o’clock outside the cinema?
—That ________________（适合）me fine.
4) This programme _____________________________ children. 这个节目儿童不宜。
5) I don’t have anything suitable __________________ (wear) for the party.
6) It suits me ____________________ (start) work at a later time.
7) —I think I’ll stay in this evening.
— ______________________（随你的便）!
8) The coat ______________ me perfectly. However, the colour is too dark. Purple and blue are the colours that _______________ me well. A blue coat _________________ a purple trouser, they look very well together. (用suit, fit和match填空)
6. negotiate vt. & vi.谈判，协商；商定，达成（协议）
①negotiate with sb. about/for sth. 就某事和某人谈判
②negotiate a deal/contract/treaty/settlement 达成交易/确立合同/商定条约内容/商定解决措施
③the negotiating table 谈判桌come to the negotiating table 开始正式谈判
▲negotiation n.谈判，磋商，协商[c，一般用复数；u]
④enter into/open/conduct negotiations with sb. 和某人开始/展开/进行谈判
⑤be open to negotiation 可以协商
⑥in negotiation with 与……协商
⑦under negotiation 在协商中
▲negotiable adj.可协商的，可讨论的；流通的，可兑现的，可转让的；可通行的
▲negot iator n.谈判代表；协商者
典题赏析：
1) We have decided to negotiate _____________ you ______________ our cooperation.
2) They agreed to try to settle their dispute by _________________ (negotiate).
3) The official says that the next step is ________________________ (negotiate) the treaty.
4) It is still ________________________（在协商中）about when to hold the sports meet.
5) A contract is prepared _______________________________ our clients.
我们和客户协商起草了一份合同。
6) The terms of the contract are still __________________________.
合同条款仍可协商。
7. fold vt.折叠，对折；包，裹(反：unfold)
n.褶，褶层，折叠部分[c]
①fold up 折叠，对折；倒闭，歇业
②in half/two 把……对折起来
③fold one’s arms 双臂交叉在胸前
④fold sb. in one’s arms 拥抱/搂住某人
⑤fold A in B=fold B around/over A 用B包着A
⑥above/below the fold（报纸或网页）最上/下面部分，最显眼/不显眼部分
典题赏析：
1) He ____________ the map ____________ and put it in his pocket.
他把地图折起来，放进了口袋。
2) The woman ____________ the tickets __________ two and tore them ___________ half.
那个女人把票对折后撕成两半。
3) She gently folded the baby ____________ a blanket.
She gently folded a blanket _______________ the baby.
她轻轻地把婴儿裹在毯子里。
4) Your ad will be placed _________________________ in our newspaper.
你们的广告将放在我们报纸的醒目位置。
5) Tom stood silently with his arms ________________.
汤姆交叉着双臂一言不发地站着。
8. knowledgeable adj.博学的，有见识的，知识渊博的
①be knowledgeable about 对……有见识
▲knowledgeably adv.
▲knowledge n.知识，学问，学识[u]
典题赏析：
1) She is very knowledgeable _________________ plants.
9. put yourself in sb.’s shoes (=be in sb.’s shoes)处于某人的境地，设身处地典题赏析：
1) You need to ________________________________ and try to understand why they did it.
你要站在他们的立场上去理解他们为什么那样做。
2) If I were ___________________________, I would resign immediately.
要是我处于你的位置，我就立刻辞职。
10. sympathy n.同情；赞同，支持；慰问[u/c]
①express/have/feel sympathy for sb. 向某人表示体恤；对某人感到同情
②in sympathy with 因……而出现，相应发生；赞同，支持(=have sympathy for)
③out of sympathy with 不赞成，不支持（某人或事物）
④out of sympathy for 出于对……的同情
⑤a letter/message of sympathy 慰问信
▲sympathetic adj.同情的，支持的，有同感的
▲sympathize vi.同情，怜悯；赞同，支持(with)
典题赏析：
1) After hearing her story, he __________________（对她感到同情）and decided to help her out.
2) ________________________________（出于对……的同情）the earthquake victims, the kind-hearted lady gave away her clothes and quilts to them.
3) The seamen were on strike ___________________________（支持）the dockers.
4) Share prices slipped ___________________________（因……而出现）the German market.
5) I was ______________________________（不赞成）this point of view.
6) I find it very hard to sympathize _____________ him.
11. account for是……的说明/原因；（数量上、比例上）占；解释，说明
①into account=take account of 考虑到，顾及
②be of great/no account 很重要/不重要
③on one’s account 为了某人的缘故
④on this/that account 由于这/那个缘故
⑤on account of 因为，由于
⑥on no account 决不(位于句首时，句子要用倒装)
⑦on all accounts/every account 无论如何
⑧by/from all accounts 据说，根据报道
典题赏析：
1) The poor weather may have accounted for the small crowded. 意为：___________________
2) How do you account for the show’s success? 意为：___________________
3) Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. 意为：__________
4) On no account ___________________ tell him about our plans.
你决不能把我们的计划告诉他。
5) Mark was stopped from returning home _________________________ the sudden heavy rain. Besi
des, _______________ safety ____________________________, he decided to stay in the tent for another night. These _________________________ his absence from school.
由于突然下大雨，马克没能回家。此外，考虑到安全问题，他决定在帐篷里面再待一个晚上。这些就是他缺课的原因。
12. approve vt.批准，通过（后接计划、要求、提案等）
vi.赞成，同意(反：disapprove)
①approve sth. 批准/通过某事
②approve of sb./sth. 同意/赞成某人/某事
③approve of (sb./sb’s) doing sth. 同意/赞成（某人）干某事
▲approval n.批准，认可；赞成，同意[u]
▲approving adj.赞成的，赞许的，满意的
The committee approved the plan. 委员会通过了计划。
I told my mother I wanted to leave school but she didn’t approve.
我告诉母亲我不想继续上学，但是母亲不同意。
Not everyone approves of the festival. 不是每个人都喜欢这个节日。
He doesn’t approve of me/my leaving school this year. 他不同意我今年离校。react to的用法
典题赏析：
1) My teacher didn’t approve of my __________________ (leave) school early today.
2) The professor finally submitted his project to the school board for _____________ (approve) last month.
3) She wanted to train for the theatre, but her parents _____________ (approve) of her intention.
4) I __________________________ to earn some money, but please don’t neglect your studies.
我同意你设法去挣一些钱，可是请不要忽视学业。
13. gain vt. & vi.获得，赢得，取得；增进，增长；（从……中）受益
n.好处，利益[c]
①gain one’s respect/trust 赢得某人的尊重/信任
②gain experience/fame/independence/support获得经验/名声/独立/支持
③gain weight 体重增加
④gain (...) 从……中受（……）益
⑤There is nothing to be gained 干……是无济于事的。
⑥gain access to 进入（建筑物）；得以见到（某人），得以使用（某物）
⑦No pains, no gains. 不劳则无获
⑧A fall into a pit, a gain in one’s wit. 吃一堑长一智。
典题赏析：
1) Only when we respect others, ___________________________________________.
只有当我们尊重别人时，我们才能赢得别人的尊重。
2) You will _____________________________in working with computers.
你在使用电脑的过程中会得到有用的经验。
3) I ________________________________________ recently.
近来我的体重增加了许多。
4) The police managed to _____________________（进入）the house through a broken window.
5) There is nothing ______________________ (gain) from delaying the decision.
6) Who stands to gain ________________ this decision?
14. gesture n.手势，姿势[c/u]；姿态，表示[c]
vi. & vt.做手势，用手势表示，用动作示意
①gesture language 手势语，肢体语言
②by gesture 用手势
③make a gesture 做手势
④as a gesture of (friendship/goodwill/support) 作为……的表示
⑤gesture for/to sb. to do sth. 用手势示意某人干某事
⑥gesture to sb. 用手势示意某人……
典题赏析：
1) They communicated entirely _______________________. 他们完全用手势交流。
2) They sent some flowers _________________________ sympathy to the parents of the child. 他们送了一些花表示对孩子父母的同情。
3) She gestured _______________ the applicants to come in. 她示意让申请人进来。
4) He gestured _______________ me that it was time to go. 他示意我该走了。
5) If you find it hard to express yourself clearly in English, you can _______________________. 如果你觉得难以用英语清楚地表达你自己，你可以做些手势。
15. precisely adv.准确地，恰好地；细心地，精确地；
正是，确实；对，的确如此，一点不错
①precisely speaking 严格说来; 确切地讲
②more precisely更确切地说；更严格地说
③describe sth. precisely 精确地描述某事物
▲precise adj.准确的，精确的，确切的；就，恰好；认真的，一丝不苟的
④to be (more) precise 确切地说，准确地说
典题赏析：
1) That’s __________________ what I meant. 那恰恰是我的意思。
2) It’s ___________________ because I care about you that I don’t like you staying out late.
正是因为我关心你，我才不要你太晚回家。
3)—Roberts should resign.
—____________________（的确如此）.
4) The problem is due to discipline, or, ___________________, the lack of discipline in schools. 问题出在纪律上，或者更确切地说，是学校缺乏纪律。
5) My parents live abroad—in the USA _________________________.
我的父母生活在国外，确切地说，住在美国。
16. preference n.喜欢，偏爱[u]；优惠，优待[c/u]；偏爱的事物[c]
①have a preference for 偏爱……
②give (a) preference to 给予……优先权；优待
③in preference to 优先于……；而不是
▲prefer vt.更喜欢，宁愿，希望
④prefer to do sth./doing sth. 喜欢干某事
⑤prefer sb. to do sth. 喜欢某人干某事
⑥prefer sth. to sth. 喜欢……而不喜欢……
prefer doing sth. to doing sth. 喜欢干……而不喜欢干……

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