Functional group ：官能团 -----决定有机化合物的化学性质的原子或原子团，包含-X、-OH、-CHO、-COOH、
醇（Alcohols）R-OH ---an organic compound containing an OH group
    ---OH group is polar, tending to make alcohols soluble in water
    -----the nonpolar hydrocarbon chains tend to male alcohols insoluble in water
    ------the longer the hydrocarbon chain, the less insoluble the alcohols
代表：CH3CH2OH 乙醇
醛（Aldehydes） R--CHO -- an organic compound containing a C=O group at the end of a hydrocarbon chain
代表：甲醛，HCHO 用作农药和消毒剂  CH3—CH2—CH2-CHO 类似于这样的
酮（Ketones）  R--C=O--R ---an organic compound containing a C=O group at a position other than at the end of a hydrocarbon
代表：丙酮 CH3COCH3：用于制取有机玻璃单体，易燃，易
醚（Ethers）      R-O-R---a compound in which an oxygen joins two hydrocarbon groups
代表：乙醚CH3CH2-OCH2CH3 ，全身麻醉
 
胺类（Amines）R-NH2  --an organic grop containing an –NH2 gropu
      ----organic bases and react with acids
代表：CH3-NH2：甲胺有广泛的工业用途，一甲胺可作医药（激活、、等）、农药
酰胺类（Amides）R-CO-NH2 –an organic compound containing  a R-CO-NH2 group
代表：乙酰胺CH3CONH2，遇明火，高热，可燃，化工，塑料，燃料中用到
羧酸 (Carboxylic acid)  --an organic compound containing  a R-COOH group， organic acid
代表：CH3COOH 乙酸：醋
酯类（Esters）react with--an compound in which a COO group joins two hydrocarbon chains
---有机溶剂，易燃，用于人造革等

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