第二节  Recent Trends in Logistics
1.Third Part Logistics ( TPL) 第三方物流
Third Part Logistics provides all the logistics services. They act as a bridge or facilitator between the first part( supplier or producer) and the second part( buyer or customer). The primary objectives of third part logistics providers are to lower the total cost of logistics for the supplier and improve the service level to the customer.
第三方物流提供了所有的物流活动。他们在第一方（供应商或生产商）和第二方（买方或顾客）之间扮演着桥梁或设施供应商的角。第三方物流提供商的基本目标是降低供应商的整体物流成本，提高顾客服务水平。
Third Part Logistics have been growing rapidly. Cost reduction and demands for batter and cheaper services are the main drives behind the growth. A third part logistics provider will be in a position to consolidate business from several companies and offer frequent pick–ups and deliveries, whereas in–house transportation cannot. Other reasons are as follows:
第三方物流增长十分迅速。成本降低和对更好更便宜的服务的需求是增长背后的动力。第三方物流提供商能够将来自几家企业的业务进行整合，并能提供频繁的提货和交货，而企业内部运
输无法做到。（第三方物流发展的）其它原因如下：
* The company does not specialize in logistics;
* 企业并不专长于物流
* The company does not have sufficient resources;
* 企业自身没有足够的物流资源
* Eager to implement better logistics operation or does not have time to develop the required capabilities in–house;
* 对实施更好的物流运作的期盼，或没有时间开发内部物流所需要的能力
* The company is venturing into a new business with totally different logistics requirements;
* 企业正投资一项新领域，该领域有着不同的物流需求
* Merger or acquisition may make outsourcing logistics operations more attractive than to integrate logistics operations.
* 外包物流运营可能比整合物流运营更加有吸引力
3.Global Logistics 全球物流
Developed countries often deal with globalization in two ways: to be more cost competitive
with third world countries, and to look for new partners in other countries to manufacture components, subassemblies and even the final products. The second approach forces most developed countries to get into a new area called “ global logistics”.
发达国家常在两个方面实施全球化:在第三世界国家谋求更大的成本优势,以及在其他国家寻新的合作伙伴生产零配件、半成品甚至制成品。这第二个方面迫使发达国家不得不进入一个叫做“全球物流”的新领域。
Benefits of global operations include cheap raw materials and end products, lower labor cost, better quality, increased internal competition and better customer service. Some of the disadvantages are unreliable delivery, poor communication and longer time from design to finish production. Challenges are often cultural and linguistic differences, legal requirements, logistics suppliers or manufacturers, exchange rates.
全球经营的利益包括(获得)廉价的原材料和终端产品,降低的劳动成本,更好的质量,提升国际竞争力以及更好的客户服务。其缺点主要是交货的不可靠性,艰难的沟通以及从产品的设计到产品的生产完成需要更长的时间。面临的挑战经常来自于文化和语言的差异,法律要求,物流支持,寻求合适的全球供应商或生产商,外汇汇率等。
There are three major flows involved in global logistics: material flow, document flow and cash flow.
全球物流涉及到三种流转:物料流转,单据流转和资金流转。
Reading Material
.Logistics into the Future 物流走向未来
Logistics is changing at a rapid and acceleration rate. There are two reasons are its rapid growth:
物流正以高速改变着。其高速增长原因有二:
Firstly, pressure to change by the development of the system itself
第一,因自身系统的发展而被迫变革
(1) High–speed computing and data transmission can instantly transmit and react to user demand
(1)高速计算机系统和数据交换系统能持续地对用户需求实行流转和操作
(2) More flexible and accurate logistic planning and control through computers and data processing
(2)通过计算机和数据加工能实现更加灵活的精确的物流计划和管理
(3) Flexible computer facilities help problem solving and increase decisions accuracy
(3)柔性计算机设施有助于问题的解决和提高决策的精确度
(4) Awareness of total cost measurement and management accounting
(4)对整体成本衡量和财务管理的清醒认识
Secondly, pressures for changes from the wider economy.
第二,来自范围经济变革的压力。
(1) Be flexible in handling markets of different sizes for better competition
(1)为了谋求更大竞争力,对于不同规模市场的处理需要有灵活性
(2) There is increasing specialization in markets and growth in retailing.
(2)市场规格和零售增长的大幅度提升
(3) Life cycles for products are shortening. Logistics systems need to be more efficient, faster and more flexible
(4) Move from mass production towards flexible manufacturing system( FMS). These systems enable a company to switch production quickly from one product to another
react to翻译
(4) 从规模生产转向柔性生产系统(FMS) 。这些系统能使企业从一种产品的生产迅速转向另一种产品的生产
(5) Competitive pressures lead to more efforts to improve customer service.
(5)竞争的压力导致企业更加努力地提高客户服务水平。

版权声明：本站内容均来自互联网，仅供演示用，请勿用于商业和其他非法用途。如果侵犯了您的权益请与我们联系QQ:729038198，我们将在24小时内删除。